ORCHIDACEAE - China

ORCHIDOIDEAE 107tire, apex obtuse; spur pendulous, slightly incurved, cylindric,12–18 mm, exceeding ovary, slender, slightly dilated towardapex. Column short; staminodes small; anther locules slightlydivergent; pollinia obovoid, with long caudicles and lanceolateviscidia; rostellum rather large; stigma lobes confluent, raised,elliptic, placed above mouth of spur. Fl. Aug–Sep.Evergreen broad-leaved forests, coniferous (Abies and Tsuga) forests;1500–3100 m. S and SE Xizang (Mêdog, Yadong), Yunnan (Bijiang,Gongshan) [Bhutan, India (Sikkim), N Myanmar, Nepal].13. Platanthera bifolia (Linnaeus) Richard, De Orchid. Eur.35. 1817.细 距 舌 唇 兰 xi ju she chun lanOrchis bifolia Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 939. 1753; Habenariabifolia (Linnaeus) R. Brown; Platanthera metabifolia F. Maekawa.Plants 28–42 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, ovoid-fusiform,tapering at base, 2.5–3 × 0.8–1.4 cm. Stem erect, with 1 or 2tubular sheaths at base, 2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite,spatulate-elliptic, oblong, or elliptic, 9–12 × 1.8–3.5 cm, graduallycontracted at base, apex obtuse. Peduncle slender torobust, with 2–4 scattered, lanceolate bracts; rachis 9–19 cm,laxly to subdensely 7–17-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 15–20 mm, basal ones exceeding ovary. Flowers fragrant, white,greenish white, or green; pedicel and ovary arcuate, cylindric,14–15 mm. Dorsal sepal erect and forming a hood with petals,ovate to broadly ovate, cymbiform, 5.5–6 × 4–4.5 mm, glabrous,apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading, ovate-lanceolate,oblique, 6–7 × 3.5–4 mm, glabrous, apex subacute. Petalslinear-lanceolate, oblique, 5.5–6 × ca. 1 mm, apex acute; lipspreading, ligulate, 9–10 × 1–1.5 mm, thickened, entire, apexobtuse; spur pendulous, cylindric, slender, 20–25 × 1.5–1.8mm, apex subacute. Column stout; staminodes conspicuous;anther locules slightly divergent; pollinia ellipsoid, with longcaudicles and suborbicular viscidia; rostellum belt-shaped; stigmalobes confluent, concave, lying directly below rostellum. Fl.Jul–Aug, fr. Aug–Sep. 2n = 42.Forests on slopes, damp meadows; 200–2800 m. Gansu, Hebei,Heilongjiang, Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan[Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Russia; N Africa, W Asia, Europe].The Chinese plants do not differ significantly from the widespreadEurasian Platanthera bifolia. Its sister and equally widespread species,P. chlorantha, is also found in China. The distinctness of P. metabifolia,originally described from Japan, is questionable once the full range ofvariation in P. bifolia is considered.The extensive extra-Chinese synonymy is not cited here.14. Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Reichenbach in Mössler,Handb. Gewächsk., ed. 2, 2: 1565. 1829.二 叶 舌 唇 兰 er ye she chun lanOrchis chlorantha Custer, Neue Alp. 2: 400. 1827; Gymnadeniachlorantha (Custer) Ambrosi; Habenaria chlorantha(Custer) Babington; H. subulifera W. W. Smith; Platantherasigmoidea Maekawa; P. subulifera (W. W. Smith) Schlechter.Plants 30–54 cm tall. Rootstock tuberous, ovoid-fusiform,2–4 × 0.8–1.5 cm. Stem erect, with a tubular sheath at base, 2-leaved. Leaves basal, subopposite, spatulate-elliptic or oblanceolate-elliptic,10–20 × 3–8 cm, gradually contracted andsheathing at base, apex obtuse or acute. Peduncle slender torobust, with 1–4 scattered, lanceolate bracts; rachis 7–23 cm,laxly to subdensely 9–32-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 10–22 mm, basal ones exceeding ovary, apex acuminate. Flowersfragrant, greenish white or white; pedicel and ovary arcuate,cylindric, 12–18 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, forming a hood withpetals, ovate to orbicular-cordate, cymbiform, 5–7 × 5–6 mm,glabrous, 5-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading, ovate,oblique, 7.5–8 × 4–4.5 mm, glabrous, 3–5-veined, apex acute.Petals narrowly ovate-lanceolate, oblique, 5–6 × 2.5–3 mm, 1–3-veined, apex acute; lip spreading to pendulous, ligulate,gradually tapering toward apex, 8–13 × ca. 2 mm, entire, apexobtuse; spur pendulous to spreading horizontally or sometimesarching upward, clavate-cylindric, 16–36 mm, exceeding ovary,conspicuously thickened toward apex, apex obtuse. Columnstout; staminodes conspicuous; anther locules divergent; polliniaellipsoid, with slender caudicles and orbicular viscidia;rostellum broad, tapelike; stigma lobes confluent, concave,lying directly below rostellum. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Jul–Sep. 2n =42.Forests on slopes, grasslands; 400–3300 m. Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang,Henan, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong,Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan [Japan, Korea, Russia; W Asia,Europe].15. Platanthera devolii (T. P. Lin & T. W. Hu) T. P. Lin & K.Inoue, J. Phytogeogr. Taxon. 28: 5. 1980.长 叶 舌 唇 兰 chang ye she chun lanTulotis devolii T. P. Lin & T. W. Hu, Quart. J. Chin. Forest.9: 53. 1976; Platanthera longicalcarata Hayata var. devolii (T.P. Lin & T. W. Hu) S. S. Ying.Plants 20–35 cm tall. Rootstock creeping, slender, stoloniferous.Stem erect, with 2 tubular sheaths at base, 2-leaved.Leaves cauline, alternate, widely spaced, linear to linear-lanceolate,8–18 × 1–2.5 cm, base clasping, apex acute. Peduncleslender, with 2 or 3 small, lanceolate bracts; rachis 10–25 cm,8–16-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, 10–14 mm, apexacuminate. Flowers yellowish green; pedicel and ovary fusiform-cylindric,8–15 mm. Dorsal sepal erect, forming a hoodwith petals, broadly ovate, concave, 2.5–3 × 2.5–3 mm, glabrous,3-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed,oblique, ovate to narrowly elliptic, 4–5 × 2–3 mm, glabrous,3-veined, apex obtuse. Petals ovate-lanceolate, oblique,ca. 3 × 1.5–2 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse; lip pendulous andstrongly deflexed, ligulate-lanceolate, 6–8 × ca. 2 mm, withsmall lateral lobes at base, apex obtuse; basal lobes square orobtusely triangular, to 2 mm, apex acute; spur pendulous, cylindric,10–14 mm, exceeding ovary, slender, apex acute. Fl. Jun–Sep.● Shaded places and wet mossy rocks in forests, forest margins,roadsides; 1900–2400 m. C and N Taiwan.16. Platanthera deflexilabella K. Y. Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin.20: 186. 1982.反 唇 舌 唇 兰 fan chun she chun lan