ORCHIDACEAE - China

252EPIDENDROIDEAEapically broadened into an ovate blade; blade spreading, apical margin sometimes slightly undulate or involute, with a pubescentpatch on disk; spurlike process adpressed to abaxial surface of blade, cornute, with a large mouth, apex tapering and 2-lobed. Columnerect, slightly curved, with long, broad wings; anther subterminal; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, waxy, sessile on a square viscidium. Capsuleellipsoid.One species: circumboreal across North America, Scandinavia, and Asia, and in montane parts of North America and Asia.1. Calypso bulbosa (Linnaeus) Oakes var. speciosa (Schlechter)Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 3: 25. 1926.布 袋 兰 bu dai lanCalypso speciosa Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov. RegniVeg. Beih. 4: 228. 1919; Cytherea speciosa (Schlechter) Makino.Tuber ovoid to narrowly oblong, 1–3 × 0.5–0.9 cm, fewnoded. Leaf dark green, ovate or ovate-elliptic, 3.4–4.5 × 1.8–2.8 cm, base subtruncate, apex acute; petiole-like stalk 2–4.5cm. Inflorescence 10–14 cm, much taller than leaf, with 2 or 3tubular sheaths; floral bract lanceolate, 15–18 × 1–2.2 mm,membranous, basal half tubular and embracing pedicel. Flower25–40 mm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 17–20 mm, slender. Sepalsand petals pale pinkish purple, linear-lanceolate, 14–18 ×1.5–3 mm, apex acute or acuminate; lip 12–20 × 8–14 mm;spurlike process extending beyond apex of blade, white withochre-brown striations and tinged pale yellow toward apex, 14–23 × 6–10 mm; auricles suberect, pale whitish pink, triangular,3–4 × 5–6 mm; blade pale whitish pink with 3 clusters of whiteor pale yellow barbate hairs at base, 8–11 × ca. 5 mm. Column7–10 mm. Fl. Apr–Jun. 2n = 28, 38.Picea and other coniferous forests; 2900–3200 m. Gansu, Jilin,Nei Mongol, NW Sichuan, Xizang, NW Yunnan [Japan].Flowers of the Chinese plants possess a longer spurlike processthat extends beyond the apex of the lip blade and are generally paler incolor than the widespread European and N Asian typical variety of thisspecies. Further critical comparison with authentic material of Calypsobulbosa var. speciosa from Japan would be desirable.87. CHANGNIENIA S. S. Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 89. 1935.独 花 兰 属 du hua lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. GaleHerbs, terrestrial, small, with subterranean pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs cormlike, often persisting and forming a chain, fewnoded, with a solitary leaf and a solitary inflorescence at apex. Leaf blade elliptic to broadly ovate, plicate, base abruptly contractedinto a long petiole-like stalk, apex acute. Inflorescence erect, terminal, with 2 or 3 tubular sheaths, 1-flowered. Flower terminal,rather large, resupinate. Sepals and petals free, spreading, similar. Petals slightly wider and shorter than sepals; lip relatively large, 3-lobed, spurred at base; spur ± hornlike, thick and large, attenuate toward apex; disk with lamellae. Column erect, incurved, winged;anther incumbent; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, waxy, directly attached to a subsquare viscidium.● One species: China.1. Changnienia amoena S. S. Chien, Contr. Biol. Lab. Sci.Soc. China, Bot. Ser. 10: 90. 1935.独 花 兰 du hua lanPseudobulb nearly pale yellowish white, subellipsoid tobroadly ovoid, 1.5–2.5 × 1–2 cm, fleshy, 2- or 3-noded, ± coveredwith membranous sheaths, with a solitary leaf at apex.Leaf blade spreading, recurved, abaxially purplish red, adaxiallydark green, broadly ovate-elliptic to broadly elliptic, 6.5–11.5 × 5–8.2 cm, base rounded or subtruncate, apex acute orshortly acuminate; petiole-like base suberect, purple, channeled,3.5–8 cm. Inflorescence purple, 10–17 cm, with 2 or 3 membranous,amplexicaul sheaths; sheaths 3–4 cm; floral bract deciduous,small. Flower spreading, large, white or pink, lip whitewith purplish red spots in basal 2/3; pedicel and ovary 7–9 mm.Sepals oblong-lanceolate, 27–33 × 7–9 mm, 5–7-veined, apexobtuse; lateral sepals slightly oblique. Petals narrowly obovatelanceolate,slightly oblique, 25–30 × 12–14 mm, 7-veined, apexobtuse; lip oblate-orbicular in outline, slightly shorter than petals,3-lobed, spurred at base; lateral lobes erect, ovate-triangular,oblique, 11–14 × 10–13 mm, apex acute; mid-lobespreading horizontally, broadly obovate, ca. 8 × 12 mm, marginirregularly undulate-incised, apex truncate and emarginate; diskwith 5 short lamellae between lateral lobes; spur slightly incurved,narrowly obconic, 20–23 × 7–10 mm, attenuate towardapex, apex obtuse. Column 18–21 mm, winged. Fl. Apr. 2n =46*.● Humus-rich soil in open forests, shaded places along valleys;400–1100(–1800) m. Anhui, Hubei, Hunan, S Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi,Sichuan, Zhejiang.88. CORALLORHIZA Gagnebin, Acta Helv. Phys.-Math. 2: 61. 1755 [“Corallorrhiza”],nom. cons.珊 瑚 兰 属 shan hu lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, leafless, heteromycotrophic. Rhizome coralloid, usually branching extensively, fleshy; roots absent. Stems erect, some-