ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 201unpleasant odor; pedicel and ovary 7–13 mm, ridged. Sepalsyellowish green, linear-oblong, 15–22 × 2.5–3 mm, apex acuminateor acute. Petals yellowish green, linear-lanceolate, 12–20 × 2–2.5 mm, apex acute; lip pale green, white, pinkishwhite, or pale green with purplish brown venation, variable inshape, ovate-oblong, obovate, or rhombic, 12–17 × 5–8 mm,base cuneate, spurless, 3-lobed above middle; lateral lobes erectand loosely embracing column, triangular, 2–4 × 2–4 mm,apices acute; mid-lobe ovate-elliptic, ovate-triangular, or subobovate-square,3–5 × 3–5 mm, apical margin undulate, apexobtuse or acute; disk villous primarily on veins. Column white,6–10 mm, apex dilated; stigma suborbicular. Fl. May–Jun. 2n =72.Forests, shaded and damp places along valleys; 400–2300 m.Hubei, Sichuan, C and S Taiwan, S and SE Xizang, S and W Yunnan[Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos,Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam;Australia, Pacific islands].Incompletely known speciesNervilia taitoensis (Hayata) Schlechter, Repert. Spec. Nov.Regni Veg. 10: 6. 1911.台 东 芋 兰 tai dong yu lanPogonia taitoensis Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo30(1): 346. 1911.Tuber subglobose, 6–8 mm in diam. Leaf not known.Inflorescence ca. 11 cm, 2-flowered; peduncle with 2 tubularsheaths; floral bracts linear, ca. 10 × 1 mm. Flowers resupinate;pedicel and ovary ca. 5 mm. Sepals narrowly linear-elliptic, 15–20 × 1–2 mm, apex acuminate. Petals narrowly linear-elliptic,15–19 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acuminate; lip purple, obovate, ca.18 × 6–10 mm, base cuneate, spurless, 3-lobed above middle,apex acute; lateral lobes small, apices truncate; mid-lobe ovate,margin slightly undulate; disk hirsute. Column ca. 7 mm.● S Taiwan.Nervilia taitoensis is known only from the type collection, whichconsists of a single inflorescence.67. GASTRODIA R. Brown, Prodr. 330. 1810.天 麻 属 tian ma shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbEpiphanes Blume.Herbs terrestrial, leafless, holomycotrophic. Rhizomes horizontal, tuberous, cylindric, sometimes slightly coralloid, slightlyfleshy, usually densely noded. Inflorescence erect, terminal, noded below middle, nodes with tubular or scalelike sheaths, glabrous,yellowish brown or dull brown, usually few to many flowered, rarely 1-flowered, sometimes elongating in fruit. Flowers spreadingor nodding, campanulate, urceolate, or cylindric, resupinate or not, cream-brown, yellowish brown, or dull brown, occasionallygreenish brown, lip often lighter brown and sometimes with orange markings; pedicel usually elongating in fruit. Sepals and petalsunited and forming a perianth tube, only apical portions free; perianth tube sometimes dilated and saccate at base, sometimes with adeep sinus between lateral sepals, outer surface often verrucose; petals much smaller than sepals; lip enclosed within perianth tube,adnate to apex of column foot, usually small, usually clawed at base, simple or 3-lobed; disk with a pair of globose calli at base. Columnelongate, with a short but distinct column foot at base, winged toward apex, sometimes with a pair of toothlike projections atapex; anther borne on a filament, large, subterminal, incumbent; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, usually composed of friable massulae,without caudicles; stigma raised, shield-shaped. Capsule erect.About 20 species: from NE India through the E Himalayas, across S China to Japan and E Siberia, throughout SE Asia to E Australia and theSW Pacific islands, also in tropical Africa, Madagascar, and the Mascarene Islands; 15 species (nine endemic) in China.1a. Plants 2–15 cm tall in flower; perianth tube campanulate.2a. Outer surface of perianth tube smooth ............................................................................................................. 11. G. pubilabiata2b. Outer surface of perianth tube verrucose.3a. Disk of lip with 6–8 parallel ridges ................................................................................................................ 12. G. fontinalis3b. Disk of lip unadorned or with a single forked, fleshy keel.4a. Lip 3-lobed, lateral lobes papillose; disk with a forked, fleshy keel .................................................. 15. G. shimizuana4b. Lip simple, glabrous; disk unadorned.5a. Column with an elongate, forked appendage on ventral surface ............................................. 13. G. appendiculata5b. Column lacking an appendage ............................................................................................................ 14. G. confusa1b. Plants 10–100 cm tall in flower; perianth tube cylindric or urceolate.6a. Perianth tube cylindric, lacking a deep sinus between lateral sepals.7a. Perianth tube 16–18 mm; lobes of perianth tube not crisped ................................................................ 10. G. longitubularis7b. Perianth tube 5–12 mm; lobes of perianth tube crisped.8a. Lip shallowly 3-lobed; disk with a fleshy longitudinal ridge ............................................................ 7. G. menghaiensis8b. Lip simple, unadorned.9a. Lip connate with perianth tube for most of its length ............................................................... 8. G. peichatieniana9b. Lip free of perianth tube ............................................................................................................ 9. G. wuyishanensis