ORCHIDACEAE - China

ORCHIDOIDEAE 1651. Disperis neilgherrensis Wight, Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t.1719. 1851.双 袋 兰 shuang dai lanDisperis javanica J. J. Smith; D. lantauensis S. Y. Hu; D.orientalis Fukuyama; D. palawensis (Tuyama) Tuyama; D.papuana Micholitz & Kraenzlin; D. philippinensis Schlechter;D. rhodoneura Schlechter; D. siamensis Rolfe ex Downie; D.teleplana F. Maekawa; D. walkerae H. G. Reichenbach; D.zeylanica Trimen; D. zeylanica var. neilgherrensis (Wight)Pradhan; Pantlingia palawensis (Tuyama) Rauschert; Stigmatodactyluspalawensis Tuyama.Plants 4–17 cm tall. Tuber ovoid, 0.5–1(–2) cm, puberulent.Subterranean stem with a few sheathing cataphylls. Stemdark green to purple, terete, 3–15 cm, with 1–3 cauline leavesusually above middle. Leaves abaxially purplish, adaxiallygreen, sometimes with large dark green patches, ovate to cordate,4–17 × 4–13 mm, with anastomosing venation, basedirectly sheathing stem, apex acute. Rachis 1–3-flowered,pinkish green, 1–1.5 cm; floral bracts ovate, 4–10 × 2–5 mm.Flowers pink to pale purple; pedicel and ovary cylindric, 8–12mm. Dorsal sepal forming a hood with petals, erect, lanceolate,4–7 × 1–1.5 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals pendulous,obliquely ovate, 5–7 × ca. 3.5 mm, connate at base, with conicsac at center. Petals connivent with dorsal sepal, obliquelyobovate, 5–6 × 2–3.5 mm; lip whitish, ca. 5 mm, consisting of anarrow claw at base and a narrowly 3-lobed blade, cross-shapedwhen expanded; claw adnate to base of column, erect, 1–2 mm;lateral lobes spreading at right angles to mid-lobe, adaxiallyyellow, linear, ca. 2.5 mm, minutely hairy; mid-lobe pendulous,linear, ca. 2 mm, terminating in a swollen papillose appendage.Column ca. 1.2 mm; rostellum rhomboid, stipitate at base, with2 curved or coiled ribbonlike arms projecting in opposite directions;pollinia attached to apex of rostellum arms; stigma lobesseparate. Capsule ca. 14 × 2.5 mm. Fl. May–Aug.Woodlands, scrub; 200–900 m. Hong Kong, S Taiwan [India, Indonesia,Japan (Ryukyu Islands), New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka,Thailand; SW Pacific islands].50. SATYRIUM Swartz, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 214. 1800, nom. cons.,not Linnaeus (1753).鸟 足 兰 属 niao zu lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial, slender or robust. Tubers solitary or paired, ellipsoid, fleshy; roots few, fasciculate, filiform. Stem erect, with afew sheaths at base and 1 to few leaves above, glabrous. Leaves basal or cauline, ovate to lanceolate, membranous to slightly fleshy,amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence terminal, with several scattered, sheathing foliaceous or reduced sterile bracts along peduncle,laxly to densely few to many flowered above; floral bracts reflexed, usually foliaceous, ovate to lanceolate, often longer than ovary.Flowers not resupinate, bisexual or unisexual; ovary fusiform, shortly pedicellate, usually glabrous. Sepals and petals free, spreading,subequal. Petals often slightly smaller than sepals; lip superior, deeply hooded, adnate to column at base, with 2 elongate or saccatespurs at base, or rarely spurless. Column short to elongate, usually incurved, with 2 prominent auricles near anther base; antheron ventral surface of column, with 2 parallel locules, base entirely connate with column, usually with well-developed connective;pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, sectile, each attached to a viscidium by a short, slender caudicle; rostellum spreading, rather large, 3-lobed; stigma lobes confluent, large, flat or concave.About 90 species: mainly in Africa (especially S Africa), with a few species also found in S Asia; two species (one endemic) in China.1a. Rachis 2–4.5 cm, subdensely to densely flowered; flowers yellow ......................................................................... 2. S. yunnanense1b. Rachis 4–20 cm, laxly to subdensely flowered; flowers whitish, pink, or pale rose-purple ....................................... 1. S. nepalense1. Satyrium nepalense D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 26. 1825.鸟 足 兰 niao zu lanPlants (11–)20–70 cm tall. Tubers oblong-ellipsoid toellipsoid, 2–5 × 0.5–1.5 cm. Stem with 1–3 membranoussheaths at base, 1–3-leaved. Leaves usually basal and subopposite,or sometimes cauline and widely spaced and alternate,broadly ovate, ovate-lanceolate, or lanceolate-oblong, 4–19 ×2–5.5(–8) cm, slightly fleshy, margin somewhat crisped, apexacute or acuminate. Peduncle 6–30 cm, slender to stout, withseveral large, foliaceous, tubular bracts, glabrous; rachis 4–20cm, laxly 10- to subdensely more than 20-flowered; floralbracts reflexed, ovate-lanceolate, 8–35 × 4–10 mm. Flowersfragrant, widely spreading, whitish, pink, or pale purple, glabrous,hermaphroditic or with reduced stamen and functionallyfemale; pedicel and ovary 6–10 mm, glabrous. Dorsal sepalnarrowly oblong-elliptic, 4–6 × 1–1.8 mm, apex obtuse; lateralsepals oblong to subovate, slightly oblique, 4–6 × 1.5–2 mm,apex obtuse. Petals narrowly oblong to narrowly elliptic, 3.5–5× 1–1.2 mm, outer surface carinate, margin sometimes finelyciliate, apex acute to obtuse and sometimes incised; lip hooded,subglobose, 5–6 × 4–6 mm, outer surface carinate, 2-spurred,margin sometimes irregularly dentate, apex acute or obtuse andoften deflexed; spurs parallel, slender and cylindric, to stout andconic, curving downward, 3–13 mm, or reduced and saclike, orrarely absent altogether. Column incurved, 4–5 mm.Open forests, alpine slopes; 1000–4000 m. SW Guizhou, NWHunan, SW and W Sichuan, S and SE Xizang, NW, S, and SE Yunnan[Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka].1a. Spurs slender, cylindric, 8–13 mm, ca.as long as or exceeding ovary ................ 1a. var. nepalense1b. Spurs stout, conic, not more than 6 mm,shorter than ovary, rarely saclike orabsent altogether ....................................... 1b. var. ciliatum