ORCHIDACEAE - China

160ORCHIDOIDEAEfleshy. Stem erect, terete, slender, near base with 3–6 leaves,with 2–5 bractlike leaves above. Leaf blade lanceolate or linear,6–15 × 1–1.8 cm, base contracted into amplexicaul sheath, apexacuminate or acute. Raceme 8–19-flowered, 8–14 cm; floralbracts lanceolate, 4–12 mm, longer than ovary, apex acuminate;ovary twisted, cylindric-fusiform, glabrous, including pedicel7–8 mm. Flowers yellowish greenish; sepals greenish. Dorsalsepal forming a hood with petals, broadly ovate, concave, ca. 3× 2.8 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals spreading orreflexed, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, ca. 4.5 × 2 mm, 1-veined,apex obtuse. Petals erect, whitish green, obliquely ovate, concave,ca. 3.8 × 2 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse; lip yellow, relativelylong, deeply 3-lobed from base, lobes linear; lateral lobesdivergent, ca. 6 mm, narrowed toward apex, apex obtuse; midlobeca. 4 mm, apex obtuse; spur pendulous or slightly curved,cylindric, 8–11 mm, longer than ovary, slender, slightly thickenednear end, apex obtuse. Fl. Aug–Sep.● Humid places in forests or grasslands. Hong Kong.53. Habenaria nematocerata Tang & F. T. Wang, Bull. FanMem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 10: 39. 1940.细 距 玉 凤 花 xi ju yu feng huaPlants 40–45 cm tall. Stem terete, with 3 tubular sheaths atbase, 3 or 4 leaves near base, and 6–8 bractlike leaves above.Leaf blade narrowly oblong, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly spatulate,9–15 × 2–2.5 cm, papery, base attenuate into amplexicaulsheath, apex acuminate or acute. Raceme loosely 15–30-flowered,10–18 cm; floral bracts lanceolate, much shorter thanovary, apex aristate; ovary twisted, cylindric-fusiform, glabrous,including pedicel ca. 15 mm. Flowers pinkish white. Dorsalsepal forming a hood with petals, erect, oblong-ovate, concave,ca. 4 × 2.5 mm, 3-veined, apex obtuse; lateral sepals reflexed,oblique, narrowly ovate, ca. 4.5 × 2 mm, 2-veined, apex obtuse.Petals obliquely oblong-ovate, ca. 4 × 1.7 mm, with 1 vein,apex obtuse; lip deeply 3-lobed above base; lateral lobes divergent,pendulous, filiform, 9–10 mm; mid-lobe narrowly ligulate,4–5 × ca. 1 mm; spur pendulous, curved, ca. 21 mm, muchlonger than ovary, slender, slightly dilated toward end; connectivevery narrow; pollinia inversely pear-shaped; caudicles long;viscidia ovate-elliptic. Fl. Oct.● Forests; ca. 1200 m. SW Yunnan.54. Habenaria furcifera Lindley, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl. 319.1835.密 花 玉 凤 花 mi hua yu feng huaPlants to 50 cm tall. Tubers oblong, 4–5 × 2–2.5 cm,fleshy. Stem erect, terete, slender, glabrous, with 6 leaves belowmiddle and 11 sparse bractlike leaves above. Leaf blade ellipticto narrowly elliptic, 8–18 × 3–6.5 cm, base contracted intoamplexicaul sheath, apex acuminate or acute. Raceme denselymany flowered, 9.5–13 cm, glabrous; floral bracts lanceolate,7–15 mm, slightly shorter than or nearly as long as ovary, apexlong acuminate. Flowers greenish, small, glabrous. Dorsal sepalforming a concave hood with petals, ovate, ca. 4 × 3 mm, 3-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals reflexed, obliquely oblonglanceolate,ca. 4.5 × 2 mm, 3-veined, apex subobtuse. Petalslanceolate, concave, ca. 4 × 1.7 mm, with 1 vein, attenuatetoward apex, apex subobtuse; lip 3-lobed from base; lobes linear;lateral lobes slightly curved, ca. 7 mm; mid-lobe erect, ca. 5mm; spur pendulous, curved, ca. 17 mm, much longer thanovary, slender; stigmas suboblong, small. Fl. Sep. 2n = 42.Forest margins, forests; 1100–1200 m. S Yunnan [Bhutan, India,Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].43. HEMIPILIOPSIS Y. B. Luo & S. C. Chen, Novon 13: 450. 2003.紫 斑 兰 属 zi ban lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial. Tubers ellipsoid to subellipsoid, fleshy; roots filiform. Stem erect, spotted with purple, usually with 1 or rarely2 leaves near base. Leaves elliptic to ovate-oblong, base shortly petiolate and sheathing stem, apex acute or acuminate. Inflorescencea terminal raceme, with several to many well-spaced flowers; peduncle, rachis, floral bracts, pedicel, and ovary all spotted withpurple. Flowers resupinate, all parts apart from lip pale purple, spotted with purple. Dorsal sepal connivent with petals and forming ahood, erect, obovate; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed, obliquely ovate-elliptic. Petals ovate; lip subovate to flabellate, basespurred, apex 3-lobed; spur conic, abruptly contracted near tip and then swollen to form a globose apex. Column short, with 2 lateralappendages (1 on either side of anther); anther sessile, erect, with 2 parallel locules; rostellum shallowly 3-lobed; lateral lobesprotruding, not converging; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, sectile, each attached by a slender caudicle to a viscidium; viscidiasmall, naked, borne directly above spur mouth at apices of lateral rostellum lobes; stigma 2-lobed, set in cavity at posterior margin ofrostellum. Capsule ellipsoid.One species: SW China, NE India.The sole species was referred initially to Habenaria, but it differs from other members of that genus in habit, structure of the stigma, and lack ofobvious anther canals. The shallowly 3-lobed rostellum, the orientation of the rostellum lobes, and the positioning of the viscidia appear to distinguishit from Hemipilia, while the shape of the lip, the non-converging lateral rostellum lobes, and various vegetative characters distinguish it also fromBrachycorythis.1. Hemipiliopsis purpureopunctata (K. Y. Lang) Y. B. Luo &S. C. Chen, Novon 13: 450. 2003.紫 斑 兰 zi ban lanHabenaria purpureopunctata K. Y. Lang, Acta Phytotax.Sin. 16(4): 127. 1978.Plants 20–50 cm tall, with purple spots throughout. Tubers