ORCHIDACEAE - China

136ORCHIDOIDEAEleaves. Leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-elliptic, base attenuate into short petiole-like sheath. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, with afew secund flowers; floral bracts nearly as long as ovary. Flowers resupinate, small; ovary twisted, cylindric-fusiform, glabrous;sepals and petals free, spreading, subequal in size; lip spreading, 3-lobed near middle, base adnate to column, spurred; spur shorterthan ovary; anther erect, sessile, oblong, apex aristate, 2-locular; locules parallel, not protruding at base; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous,sectile; caudicles very short, attached to a common viscidium; viscidium narrowly oblong-elliptic, enclosed in a chamberformed by lip and column; rostellum flattened, elongate, canaliculate, beaklike, slightly exceeding anther, 1-toothed on either side atmiddle, basal half entirely united with column; stigma lobes 2, separate, linear; lateral appendages 2, elongate, positioned on eitherside of anther base, exceeding anther.● One species: China.A genus distinguished by its long, bidentate rostellum and 2-lobed stigma, its placement remains a matter of contention. The nature of thecolumn has been thought to affiliate the genus with Gymnadenia and Neottianthe (Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 133. 1936); however, Tsaiorchishas also been considered congeneric with Diphylax (Pridgeon et al., Gen. Orchid. 2: 284–286. 2001).1. Tsaiorchis neottianthoides Tang & F. T. Wang, Bull. FanMem. Inst. Biol. Bot. 7: 133. 1936.长 喙 兰 chang hui lanPlants 6–10 cm tall. Leaves 3–7 × 1–3.5 cm, 7-veined,apex acute. Rachis 1.5–2 cm, with 5–7 secund flowers; floralbracts ovate, apex acuminate. Flowers pale purple to pink;ovary ca. 5.5 mm including pedicel. Dorsal sepal oblongelliptic,ca. 4.5 mm, 1-veined, apex acute; lateral sepals narrowlyoblong, oblique, ca. 4 mm, 1-veined, apex acute. Petalsobliquely elliptic, ca. 3.8 mm, 1-veined, apex obtuse; lip oblong-ovate,ca. 6 × 3 mm, 3-lobed; disk densely papillose; laterallobes subelliptic, falcate, ca. 1.5 mm; mid-lobe subobovate,slightly longer than lateral lobes, apex emarginate; spur narrowlyobovoid to subcylindric, ca. 2.8 × 1.5 mm, apex obtuse.Column ca. 2 mm; rostellum laterally compressed, elongate,canaliculate, bifid at apex. Fl. Aug–Sep.● Dense forests, valleys; ca. 1500 m. C and E Guangxi, SE Yunnan.40. PECTEILIS Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 37. 1837.白 蝶 兰 属 bai die lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial, medium-sized to large. Tubers solitary or paired, oblong, ellipsoid, or subglobose, undivided, fleshy, neckwith several slender roots. Stem erect, often stout, leafy. Leaves cauline and alternate or in a basal rosette, ovate-elliptic or ovate,slightly fleshy, amplexicaul at base. Inflorescence terminal, with 1 to several flowers; floral bracts large, foliaceous. Flowers resupinate,often large, showy, usually white; pedicel and ovary twisted, usually slightly arcuate, narrowly fusiform. Sepals free, similar,broad; dorsal sepal erect; lateral sepals oblique. Petals linear-lanceolate, oblanceolate, or oblong, often narrower and smaller thansepals; lip decurved, irregularly ovate to flabellate, spurred, deeply 3-lobed; lateral lobes spreading, margin fimbriate-lacerate, denticulate,or rarely entire; mid-lobe straight, linear or broadly triangular; spur pendulous, straight to strongly curved, cylindric, often verylong, much longer than ovary. Column erect, short; anther erect, 2-locular; locules widely spaced in a very broad connective; pollinia2, granular-farinaceous, sectile; caudicles slender; viscidia small, each hidden in a tubular fold at end of rostellum arms; lateralappendages 2, elliptic, small, at base of anther; rostellum 3-lobed, lateral arms long, tapering, mid-lobe blunt; stigma lobes adnate tobase of lip, connate, convex, sessile.About five species: E and SE Asia, Himalayas; three species in China.1a. Leaves linear to narrowly lanceolate, to 0.8 cm wide; sepals 7–10 mm; outer margin of petals dentate to shallowlyfimbriate ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3. P. radiata1b. Leaves ovate, ligulate-oblong, oblong, or lanceolate, 2–6 cm wide; sepals 15–40 mm; petals entire.2a. Leaves 3–6 cm wide, intergrading into foliaceous sheaths above; sepals 25–40 mm; dorsal sepal broadlyovate to orbicular, much longer than petals; lip ecallose ....................................................................................... 1. P. susannae2b. Leaves 2–3.5 cm wide, usually distinct from bractlike sheaths above; sepals 15–20 mm; dorsal sepaloblong-ovate, subequal in length to petals; lip with a small callus near base ............................................................ 2. P. henryi1. Pecteilis susannae (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, Fl. Tellur. 2: 38.1837 [“susanna”].龙 头 兰 long tou lanOrchis susannae Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 939. 1753; Habenariasusannae (Linnaeus) R. Brown; Hemihabenaria susannae(Linnaeus) Finet; Platanthera robusta Lindley; P. susannae(Linnaeus) Lindley.Plants robust, 45–120 cm tall. Tubers ovoid-cylindric, 3–6× 1–2.5 cm. Stem stout, with several tubular sheaths at base andseveral to many leaves intergrading into amplexicaul sterilebracts above. Leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 6–10(–12) ×3–6 cm, apex acute. Sterile bracts often foliaceous, ovate-ellipticto lanceolate, 4–7 × 1–3.5 cm, apex acuminate. Rachis 6–15cm, laxly 2–5-flowered; floral bracts foliaceous, lanceolate, 3–5cm, shorter than, equal to, or slightly exceeding ovary, apex