ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 205column wings subquadrate; column foot short; stigma subterminal.Capsule cylindric, 30–40 mm. Fl. Sep–Oct.● Forests, bamboo plantations; 800–1200 m. C Taiwan.14. Gastrodia confusa Honda & Tuyama, J. Jap. Bot. 15: 659.1939.八 代 天 麻 ba dai tian maPlants 6–15 cm tall. Rhizome brown, obconic or fusiform,2–4.5 cm, 5–8-noded, with 8–10 scales at each node, pilose.Peduncle pale brown, to ca. 13 cm, with several sheaths; rachisshort, densely 3–10-flowered; floral bracts ovate, 6–8 mm, apexacute. Flowers suberect or nodding, resupinate, pale brown orblackish; pedicel and ovary 15–20 mm; pedicel elongating toca. 30 cm in fruit. Perianth tube campanulate, 11–12 mm, outersurface verrucose; free portion of sepals curved inward, ovate,3–5.5 mm, apex obtuse; free portion of petals subelliptic, muchsmaller than sepal lobes, thickened at base; lip yellow, simple,ovate, 7–8 × ca. 4 mm, glabrous, base clawed, margin irregularlydenticulate; claw broad, with a pair of crestlike calli atbase. Column clavate, ca. 4.5 mm; column wings triangular orsubsquare; column foot prominent. Capsule fusiform, 32–35mm. Fl. Sep–Nov. 2n = 22.Bamboo forests; ca. 1200 m. C Taiwan [Japan (Ryukyu Islands),Korea].15. Gastrodia shimizuana Tuyama, Acta Phytotax. Geobot.33: 380. 1982.叉 脊 天 麻 cha ji tian maPlants 2–5 cm tall. Rhizome cylindric, 5–9 cm, 0.5–0.8 cmin diam., with deltoid sheaths at nodes, sparsely pubescent. Peduncledark brown, to ca. 4 cm, with several short tubularsheaths toward base; rachis 1–1.5 cm, densely 1–4-flowered;floral bracts broadly oblong-ovate, 5–7 mm, shorter than ovary,apex acuminate. Flowers suberect or spreading, resupinate, yellowishbrown, 15–18 mm in diam.; pedicel and ovary 8–10mm, shortly papillate; pedicel elongating in fruit. Perianth tubecampanulate, outer surface verrucose; free portion of sepalsspreading, broadly ovate, 4.5–6 × 5–6.3 mm, margin entire orcrisped, apex obtuse; free portion of petals spreading, orbicularto broadly ovate, 3–3.5 × 3–3.5 mm, margin entire or crisped,apex obtuse; lip 3-lobed, orange-brown at base, tinged palecream-brown toward apex, deltoid-ovate, 5–6 × 5.5–6.5 mm,base clawed; lateral lobes suborbicular to deltoid, 3.2–3.5 ×4.8–5 mm, apex obtuse to acute; mid-lobe oblong, 2–2.1 × ca. 1mm, apex obtuse-truncate; claw quadrate or broadly obovate,2.5–2.8 mm, with a pair of globose, papillose calli; disk papilloseon lateral lobes, with a central fleshy keel that forks belowmid-lobe into 2 shallow lamellae. Column 4–5 mm; columnwings truncate, incurved; anther ovoid, 1.3–1.5 mm; columnfoot prominent, with a pair of rounded calli where it meets baseof lip. Capsule cylindric. Fl. Mar.Evergreen forests; 300–400 m. N Taiwan [Japan (RyukyuIslands)].68. DIDYMOPLEXIS Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 383. 1843.Leucorchis Blume (1849), not E. Meyer (1839).双 唇 兰 属 shuang chun lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial, small, holomycotrophic. Rhizome fusiform, tuberous, fleshy, neck sometimes with a few filiform roots. Stemerect, slender, with a few scalelike sheaths near base, leafless, glabrous. Inflorescence erect, terminal, racemose, with 1 to severalflowers; floral bracts small. Flowers spreading, resupinate, often ephemeral, white or pale yellowish brown; pedicel elongating infruit. Sepals and petals connate at base and forming a short tube; dorsal sepal and petals connate for ca. 1/2 their length and forming aporrect hood; lateral sepals usually connate for more than 1/2 of their length, deflexed distally; lip adnate with column foot at base,free from sepals and petals, not spurred, entire or weakly 3-lobed; disk with 1 or more basal glands and often papillate. Columnelongate, dilated and with 2 wings at apex, wings forming short, toothlike stelidia, with distinct column foot at base; anther subterminal,borne on a short filament; pollinia 4, in 2 pairs, granular-farinaceous, ecaudiculate, each pair directly attached to a stickyviscidium; rostellum erect, transverse; stigma broad, placed directly below rostellum. Capsule erect, fusiform.About 18 species: India, S China, and Indochina to S Japan (Ryukyu Islands) and the Philippines, throughout the Malay Archipelago to PapuaNew Guinea, tropical Australia, and the SW Pacific islands, also in SW Africa and Madagascar; two species in China.1a. Column foot conspicuous, 2–3 mm; lip 6–7 mm wide, broader than long ..................................................................... 1. D. pallens1b. Column foot inconspicuous, less than 1 mm; lip 4–5 mm wide, slightly longer than or as long as broad ............. 2. D. micradenia1. Didymoplexis pallens Griffith, Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 383.1843.双 唇 兰 shuang chun lanApetalon minutum Wight; Arethusa ecristata Griffith;Cheirostylis kanarensis Blatter & McCann; Didymoplexis brevipesOhwi; D. subcampanulata Hayata; D. sylvatica (Blume)Garay; Gastrodia pallens (Griffith) F. Mueller; Leucorchis sylvaticaBlume.Plants 6–25 cm tall. Rhizome pale brown, fusiform ormoniliform, 8–25 × 5–8 mm; roots few to many, wiry, oftenwith small globose thickenings. Stem 5–20 cm, with 3–5 scalelikesheaths, pale brown to reddish brown. Rachis 0.4–3 cm,elongating in fruit, laxly to subdensely 4–20-flowered; floralbracts ovate, ca. 2 mm, apex acute. Flowers opening in succession,white, campanulate; pedicel and ovary erect, brown, 0.7–1.2 cm; pedicel extending to 15 cm in fruit. Dorsal sepal andpetals 4–7 mm, usually united for more than 1/2 of their length,