ORCHIDACEAE - China

ORCHIDOIDEAE 1612–4 × 1.5–2 cm. Stem erect, with 2–5 sterile scalelike bractsabove leaf. Leaf usually 1, light purple abaxially, green spottedwith purple adaxially, elliptic to ovate-oblong, 2–15 × 2–5 cm.Rachis 8–20 cm, 2–20-flowered; floral bracts shorter thanovary. Flowers pale purple; pedicel and ovary 1.3–1.5 cm.Dorsal sepal ca. 5 × 2 mm, 3-veined, apex rounded or obtuse;lateral sepals ca. 6 × 4 mm, apex obtuse. Petals ca. 5 × 4 mm,apex obtuse; lip subovate to flabellate, 10–11 × 9–10 mm, 3-lobed at apex; lateral lobes oblong, usually larger than midlobe,apical margin irregularly undulate; mid-lobe ovate, ca. 3 ×2 mm; spur 9–10 × 2–3 mm, with a large mouth, globose apex2–3 mm in diam. Capsule with purple spots, ellipsoid, ca. 15 ×2–3 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Sep.Broad-leaved evergreen forests, grasslands, sandy soils alongrivers; 2100–3400 m. SE Xizang [NE India (Assam)].44. BHUTANTHERA Renz, Edinburgh J. Bot. 58: 99. 2001.高 山 兰 属 gao shan lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. Gale, Phillip J. CribbHerbs, terrestrial, small, slender to stout. Tubers subglobose to ovoid, fleshy, neck with a few filiform roots. Stem erect, short,covered with tubular sheaths and sheathing leaf bases, glabrous. Leaves 2 or more, subopposite or clustered toward apex of stem,ovate, elliptic, or lanceolate, base tapering into amplexicaul sheath. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, 1–20-flowered, glabrous.Flowers resupinate; ovary twisted, fusiform to obovoid. Sepals free, similar. Petals usually smaller than sepals; lip 3-lobed thoughlateral lobes sometimes reduced and obscure, spurred at base; spur conic to cylindric. Column short, stout; anther with distinctconnective and 2 divergent locules; stigma 2-lobed, conjoined, pulvinate; rostellum with 2 distinct arms; pollinia 2, granularfarinaceous,sectile, each attached by a short caudicle to a small naked viscidium; rostellum relatively large.Five species: all found in the alpine zone of the E Himalayas; one species in China.Bhutanthera albomarginata (King & Pantling) Renz (Edinbugh J. Bot. 58: 101. 2001; Habenaria albomarginata King & Pantling, Ann. Roy.Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 322. 1898) has been noted from Xizang (Press et al., Annot. Checkl. Fl. Pl. Nepal, 217. 2000). However, the present authorsfound no relevant specimens and therefore could not substantiate the occurrence of this species in China.1. Bhutanthera alpina (Handel-Mazzetti) Renz, Edinburgh J.Bot. 58: 102. 2001.高 山 兰 gao shan lanHabenaria alpina Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sin. 7: 1336.1936; Peristylus alpinus (Handel-Mazzetti) K. Y. Lang.Plants slender, 4–7 cm tall. Tubers subglobose, to ca. 5mm in diam. Stem with 1–3 tubular sheaths at base, 2-leaved.Leaves subopposite, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate, or obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1 cm, apex acute to obtuse. Inflorescence 1–5-flowered;peduncle ridged, 3–5 cm, free of leaf bases and visible beyondstem apex; floral bracts triangular, very small. Flowerssuberect, green; sepals and petals tinged white along apicalmargin; pedicel and ovary fusiform, 2–3 mm, slender. Dorsalsepal erect, broadly ovate, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, apex obtuse to subrounded;lateral sepals spreading, ovate, oblique, 3–3.5 × 2–2.5mm, apex acute. Petals loosely connivent with dorsal sepal,erect, broadly ovate, 1–1.5 × 0.7–1 mm, fleshy, apex obtuse; lipspreading, ovate-lanceolate, 1–1.5 × ca. 0.5 mm, fleshy, 3-lobedbelow middle; lateral lobes orbicular-ovate, very small, apex obtuse;mid-lobe ligulate-lanceolate, 0.8–1 mm, apex acute; spurcylindric, 2–3 mm, apex obtuse. Column ca. 1 mm. Fl. Jul–Aug.Damp alpine meadows; 4200–4300 m. SE Xizang [Bhutan, India(Sikkim)].45. FRIGIDORCHIS Z. J. Liu & S. C. Chen, J. Fairylake Bot. Gard. 6(3): 14. 2007.冷 兰 属 leng lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Stephan W. GaleHerbs terrestrial, small. Tubers rather large. Stem very short. Leaves basal, ovate-elliptic to ovate-lanceolate, base petiolate;petioles enclosed in tubular sheaths forming a pseudostem. Inflorescence ebracteate, ± broadly corymbose, 1–8-flowered; eachflower at end of a peduncle, and all peduncles fused with each other in lower part. Flowers resupinate, small, often not fully opening.Sepals and petals free; sepals slightly larger than petals; lip fleshy, spurred, 3-lobed toward base; lateral lobes small; mid-lobe muchlarger; spur ellipsoidal. Column short; anther erect, with 2 divergent locules; pollinia 2, granular-farinaceous, sectile, each attached toa viscidium; caudicle inconspicuous; viscidium large, naked, attached to both sides of rostellum arms; rostellum shortly armed;stigmas 2, separate, just below rostellum arms, shortly clavate; staminodes 2.● One species: China.1. Frigidorchis humidicola (K. Y. Lang & D. S. Deng) Z. J.Liu & S. C. Chen, J. Fairylake Bot. Gard. 6(3): 17. 2007.冷 兰 leng lanPeristylus humidicola K. Y. Lang & D. S. Deng, Novon 6:190. 1996; Bhutanthera humidicola (K. Y. Lang & D. S. Deng)Ormerod.Plants 3–4 cm tall. Tuber somewhat calabash-shaped, 1.2–1.5 cm × 6–8 mm. Stem 1–2 mm thick. Leaves 2 or 3, nearly