ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 179chile; hypochile concave, small, 2–3 mm, with 2 ligulate wingsca. 4 mm; epichile ovate, ca. 1.2 cm × 5 mm, adaxially denselypapillose, 3-lobed; lateral lobes incurved, suborbicular; midlobewith acuminate apex. Column slightly arcuate, 1.1–1.4 cm,winged toward apex. Fl. Jul–Aug. 2n = 36.Forests; ca. 1200 m. S Yunnan [Thailand, Vietnam].4. Aphyllorchis alpina King & Pantling, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.Calcutta 8: 261. 1898.高 山 无 叶 兰 gao shan wu ye lanPlants 75–100 cm tall. Rhizome elongate, covered inscales. Stem erect, with many membranous sheaths 1–4 cm. Inflorescencewith 10–20 widely spaced flowers; rachis 19–22cm; floral bracts reflexed, linear to linear-lanceolate, 25–30 ×3–4 mm, conspicuously longer than pedicel and ovary. Flowersspreading ± horizontally, yellowish green; pedicel and ovarypuberulent, 2–3 cm, stout. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, slightlycymbiform, 18–23 × 6–7 mm, apex acuminate-caudate. Petals14–17 × 5–7 mm; lip 14–17 mm, contracted at or above middleinto epichile and hypochile; hypochile winged, basal marginsforming a small sac; epichile ovate, margin often involute, apexacute. Column slightly arcuate, 1–1.3 cm. Capsule elliptic, ca.3 × 1 cm. Fl. Jul, fr. Sep.Forests, riverbanks; 2100–2600 m. SE Xizang [India, Nepal].5. Aphyllorchis gollanii Duthie, J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2,Nat. Hist. 71: 42. 1902 [“gollani”].大 花 无 叶 兰 da hua wu ye lanPlants 40–50 cm tall. Rhizome subcylindric; roots sparse,stout, fleshy. Stem robust, erect, tinged with purple, with manysheaths; sheaths mostly tubular, 1.5–3.5 cm, membranous. Inflorescencestout, 10- or more flowered; rachis less than 6 cm;floral bracts suberect, ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, large, 15–25× 6–8 mm, longer than pedicel and ovary. Flowers suberect, notopening fully, pale purplish brown; ovary puberulent, includingpedicel to 1.7 cm. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, ca. 30 × 6–7 mm,apex acuminate. Petals slightly shorter than sepals; lip slightlyshorter than petals, contracted near base forming epichile andhypochile; hypochile slightly concave, winged; epichile subovate,lateral margins reflexed, erose. Column strongly arcuate,ca. 1 cm. Fl. Jun–Jul.Evergreen broad-leaved forests; 2200–2400 m. S Xizang (Nyalam)[India].60. EPIPACTIS Zinn, Cat. Pl. Hort. Gott. 85. 1757, nom. cons., not Séguier (1754).火 烧 兰 属 huo shao lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi), Luo Yibo ( 罗 毅 波 ); Phillip J. Cribb, Stephan W. GaleAmesia A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride; Arthrochilium (Irmisch) Beck (1890), not Arthrochilus F. Mueller (1858); Calliphyllon Bubani;Epipactis [unranked] Arthrochilium Irmisch; Helleborine Miller; Limonias Ehrhart; Parapactis W. Zimmermann.Herbs, terrestrial, autotrophic or rarely holomycotrophic, medium-sized. Rhizome creeping, short or elongate, with manyelongate, fleshy roots. Stem erect, leafy, with 2 or 3 scalelike sheaths toward base, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves 3 to many, cauline,spirally arranged, broadly elliptic to linear-lanceolate, plicate, scabrous or smooth. Inflorescence terminal, racemose, often secund,few to many flowered; floral bracts usually foliaceous. Flowers spreading or nodding, resupinate or very rarely not resupinate,medium-sized. Sepals free, spreading or connivent, glabrous, puberulent, or pubescent. Petals similar to sepals but shorter; lip fleshy,not spurred, constricted near middle to form a distinct epichile and hypochile, and sometimes with a mesochile in between; hypochilecymbiform or saccate, sometimes containing lamellae; mesochile (when present) short or elongate, narrow; epichile spreading,usually hinged at its base, thickened or not, variable in shape, sometimes 3-lobed, sometimes with wartlike calli or keels. Columnshort, without a column foot; anther sessile; pollinia 4, granular-farinaceous, without caudicles; viscidium absent in autogamousspecies; rostellum usually large, very rarely absent; stigma rounded to subquadrate. Capsule pendulous or ascending, obovoid toellipsoid.About 20 species: throughout Europe and through temperate and alpine parts of E, S, and SW Asia, also in tropical Africa and North America;ten species (two endemic) in China.1a. Upper stem and rachis glabrous (though rachis of E. alata occasionally puberulent).2a. Flowers not resupinate, rose-purple; floral bracts all shorter than ovary ................................................................... 10. E. alata2b. Flowers resupinate, green, yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-brown; lower floral bracts foliaceous andexceeding flowers.3a. Lip with a short mesochile 1–2 mm; lateral margins of mesochile parallel; epichile with a pair oflow keels ......................................................................................................................................................... 8. E. thunbergii3b. Lip with an elongate mesochile ca. 6 mm; lateral margins of mesochile slightly protruding andobtuse-rounded; epichile without keels ..................................................................................................... 9. E. xanthophaea1b. Upper stem and rachis pubescent.4a. Hypochile of lip subglobose-saccate, without lateral lobes.5a. Leaves glabrous ............................................................................................................................................ 1. E. helleborine5b. Leaves adaxially white papillose-puberulent along veins and margins .......................................................... 2. E. papillosa4b. Hypochile of lip cymbiform, with lateral lobes.