ORCHIDACEAE - China

EPIDENDROIDEAE 491184. HARAELLA Kudô, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2: 26. 1930.香 兰 属 xiang lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi); Jeffrey J. WoodHerbs, epiphytic, small, monopodial. Stems short, with several distichous leaves. Leaves nearly basal, flat, jointed and sheathingat base. Inflorescences often 2 or 3, axillary, pendulous, racemose, few flowered. Flowers medium-sized, opening successively.Sepals and petals free, similar, spreading; lip immovably attached to base of column, not spurred, larger than sepals and petals,contracted near middle forming hypochile and epichile; hypochile with a fleshy callus at base; epichile orbicular, adaxially hairy,margin fimbriate-ciliate. Column short, footless; rostellum 2-lobed; anther cap subterminal; pollinia 2, waxy, globose, porate,attached by a common linear stipe to a saddlelike viscidium.● One species: China.1. Haraella retrocalla (Hayata) Kudô, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 2:27. 1930.香 兰 xiang lanSaccolabium retrocallum Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4:92. 1914; Gastrochilus odoratus (Kudô) J. J. Smith; G. retrocallus(Hayata) Hayata; G. retrocallosus Schlechter; Haraellaodorata Kudô; S. odoratum (Kudô) Makino & Nemoto.Stem 1.5–2 cm, densely rooting at base. Leaves usually 5or 6; leaf blade falcate-oblanceolate or suboblong, 2.5–4 × 0.5–1 cm, leathery, obtuse or acute, usually bilobed. Inflorescencesnearly as long as leaves, 1–4-flowered; floral bracts ovate,small, ca. 2 mm. Flowers yellowish white, with dark red orblackish purple markings on lip, opening widely, thickly textured;pedicel and ovary ca. 1 cm, slender. Sepals similar, ±elliptic-obovate, 8–10 × 3–5 mm, acute. Petals oblique, ellipticoblong,8–10 × 2.5–3 mm, base contracted, apex obtuse; lipnearly pandurate, 12–14 × 8.5–10 mm, contracted near middle;hypochile nearly oblate, adaxially pubescent, base with retrorsecallus, margin fimbriate-ciliate; epichile suborbicular, adaxiallydensely hairy at center, margin fimbriate-ciliate, apex roundedor retuse. Column ca. 2.5 mm; anther cap ovoid, apex truncateand irregularly dentate. Fl. Jul–Nov.● Epiphytic on tree trunks in broad-leaved forests; 500–1500 m.Taiwan.185. GASTROCHILUS D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 32. 1825.盆 距 兰 属 pen ju lan shuChen Xinqi ( 陈 心 启 Chen Sing-chi), Ji Zhanhe ( 吉 占 和 Tsi Zhan-huo); Jeffrey J. WoodHerbs, epiphytic, small to medium-sized, monopodial. Stems rather short or elongate, ascending or pendulous, enclosed in basalsheaths of leaves. Leaves many, usually distichous, narrowly elliptic or strap-shaped, slightly fleshy or leathery, flat, jointed andamplexicaul-sheathing at base, sometimes twisted at base and ± lying in one plane, apex unequally bilobed, acute or rarely with 3setae. Inflorescence lateral, rather short, racemose or subumbellate, few to many flowered. Flowers small to medium-sized, ± fleshy.Sepals and petals free, similar, spreading. Lip firmly attached to base of column, with a subglobose-saccate or conic hypochile withlateral lobes reduced to often fleshy edges of sac; epichile fan-shaped, often broadly triangular, often hairy or papillose, margin entireto fimbriate. Column short and thick, footless; rostellum short, 2-lobed; anther subglobose, apex narrowed; pollinia waxy, 2, subglobose,porate or rarely cleft, attached by a common narrow stipe to a bilobed viscidium.About 47 species: from India and Sri Lanka to E Asia and south to Indonesia; 29 species (17 endemic) in China.The following three species were recently described or recorded from China:Gastrochilus affinis (King & Pantling) Schlechter (Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 314. 1913; Saccolabium affine King & Pantling, Ann. Roy.Bot. Gard. Calcutta 8: 228. 1898), recorded from NW Yunnan (Fugong: Gaoligong Shan, 2500–2600 m) by X. H. Jin, H. Li, and D. Z. Li (Acta Phytotax.Sin. 45: 804. 2007).Gastrochilus alatus X. H. Jin & S. C. Chen (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 800. 2007), described from W Yunnan (Fugong, 2700–2800 m).Gastrochilus malipoensis X. H. Jin & S. C. Chen (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 45: 801. 2007), described from SE Yunnan (Malipo, 1300–1400 m).In addition, reviewer L. Averyanov notes that Gastrochilus minutiflorus Averyanov (Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 82(3): 143. 1997), describedfrom N Vietnam, should also occur in S China. However, the present authors could not substantiate this assertion because they found no relevantspecimens.1a. Stem either very short with basal leaves or elongate and rather stout (4–7 mm in diam.) with large caulineleaves (4.5–)6–23 cm.2a. Leaves 2–2.5 cm.3a. Petals suborbicular, fimbriate at margin; lip epichile white hairy adaxially ......................................... 13. G. rantabunensis3b. Petals oblong, entire at margin; lip epichile glabrous adaxially ............................................................... 14. G. xuanenensis2b. Leaves more than (3–)5 cm.4a. Inflorescence racemose; leaves 3–5 cm ................................................................................................. 1. G. platycalcaratus