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Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce Worldwide by Region(USD Billions, 2012–17)Region 2012 2013 2014 2015 * 2016 * 2017 *Asia-Pacific 301.2 383.9 525.2 681.2 855.7 1,052.9North America 379.8 431.0 482.6 538.3 597.9 660.4Western Europe 277.5 312.0 347.4 382.7 414.2 445.0Central and41.5 49.5 58.0 64.4 68.9 73.1Eastern EuropeLatin America 37.6 48.1 57.7 64.9 70.6 74.6Middle Eastand Africa20.6 27.0 33.8 39.6 45.5 51.4Worldwide 1,058.2 1,251.4 1,504.6 1,771.0 2,052.7 2,357.4* ProjectedBusiness-to-Consumer E-Commerce Sales Growth Worldwide(Percent Increase by Country, 2012–17)Country 2012 2013 2014 2015 * 2016 * 2017 *China 93.7 78.5 63.8 43.3 34.4 29.4Indonesia 85.0 71.3 45.1 37.2 26.0 22.0India 35.9 34.9 31.5 30.3 24.5 20.0Argentina 31.1 6.3 24.0 18.0 12.0 10.0Mexico 55.8 41.9 20.0 14.5 10.0 5.0Brazil 21.8 16.5 19.1 8.5 6.9 6.0Russia 34.4 19.4 17.1 10.8 6.9 5.2Italy 17.0 16.8 15.3 13.5 12.0 10.6Canada 15.0 14.2 14.0 13.5 12.5 11.5Spain 10.0 10.0 13.8 11.9 10.0 8.0Sweden 18.4 16.2 13.3 10.3 9.0 8.4UK 13.7 13.7 12.2 10.2 8.2 7.3US 14.2 13.4 11.8 11.4 10.9 10.4Norway 14.9 12.7 11.0 10.8 8.1 7.2Denmark 14.3 12.4 10.6 8.9 6.5 5.9France 32.3 10.3 10.0 9.8 7.6 7.1Netherlands 12.7 11.4 9.4 8.4 6.3 5.3South Korea 12.7 9.6 7.4 4.8 4.3 3.6Germany 25.6 5.7 7.4 6.9 6.5 6.1Japan 12.3 10.2 7.1 6.7 5.6 5.0Australia 10.5 6.0 5.7 5.1 5.0 4.2Finland 4.3 4.4 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.5Worldwide 22.2 18.0 20.1 17.6 15.9 14.8* Projected122U.S. Commercial Service • A Basic Guide to Exporting
Use of Electronic Commerce for International Business and TradeUsing the Internet to transact business in the global marketplace offers significant advantagesto the small or medium-sized company seeking new outlets for its products and services. Morethan a billion people throughout the world have access to the Internet. This presence offers atremendous potential customer base for the entrepreneur. At the same time, business-to-business(B2B) e-commerce has also surged. Corporations in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America areincreasingly migrating many of their marketing programs online to seek new business in regionsand countries previously thought to be beyond their resources. They also seek new supply sourcesand services to meet their internal needs and partners to share manufacturing and marketingresponsibilities. Some companies, such as GE, have migrated all their sourcing and biddingprocesses to the Internet.For certain industries, products, and services, going online reduces variable costs associatedwith international marketing. Handling tasks such as order processing, payment, after-salesservice, marketing (direct e-mail), and advertising online may lower the international marketdevelopment costs that an enterprise would have incurred by using conventional “brick-andmortar”market penetration strategies. Be aware of one important caveat: Although English isspoken in many countries, it is still important to consider using the languages prevalent in thecountries targeted in your company’s e-business strategy. Your website should be designed toreach the widest audience in the languages of that audience.In the context of the Internet, electronic commerce needs to be viewed beyond the traditionalcommercial arena. E-commerce affects marketing, production, and consumption. Informationgathered from customers through Internet stores can be used to customize products, to forecastdemand, and to prepare business strategies. Consumers not only pay online for products andservices but also search for information about products, negotiate with vendors, and reveal theirpreferences through their purchasing patterns.E-commerce offers much promise to U.S. companies interested in using the Internet as anothervehicle for exporting. However, you should be familiar with the steps necessary to make yourcompany’s website e-export capable. Many U.S. companies have a website that fulfills one ormore marketing functions tailored to their business specialties.Transactional WebsiteA transactional website may be an electronic storefront for a brick-and mortar retailer or a catalogbusiness, or it may be a showroom for a manufacturer wishing to sell directly to the public.Transactional websites conduct full “end-to-end” transactions through the website, allowingcustomers to search for, order, and pay for products online, and to contact the company for aftersalesservice. The most sophisticated websites create efficiencies by integrating the transactionprocess with back-office systems such as accounting, inventory, service, and sales.Informational WebsiteAn informational website generates sales by promoting corporate awareness rather thanfacilitating online transactions. It functions much like a brochure that provides informationabout the product or service and gives contact information needed to proceed with a purchase.Chapter 11: Going Online—E-Exporting Tools for Small Businesses123
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A BASIC GUIDE TOEXPORTINGThe Offici
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export.gov/basicguideLibrary of Con
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Table of ContentsChapter 1: Introdu
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global GDP and 30 percent of global
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A GEE might consist, for example, o
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Success StoryPedaling Through Trial
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Chapter 2Developing anExport Strate
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specified in the EAR under a specif
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All U.S. businesses have many ways
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Answer these 11 questions:1. Which
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Product or Service• What need doe
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Sample Outline of anExport PlanTabl
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5. Current Trends and Practices•
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16. My Product’s Harmonized Code
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Success StoryDownloading NewInterna
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This last advantage is especially i
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Gathering and evaluating secondary
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Drawing ConclusionsAfter analyzing
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United Nations Statistical Yearbook
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Private-Sector Product and Industry
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Success StoryHelping Feed the World
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Chapter 4Export AdviceIn this chapt
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Some of the more important services
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the important difference that the b
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at no cost to the small business ex
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A commercial bank can perform many
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location and construction of manufa
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To prevent reverse engineering in C
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We are agnostic on the question of
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Distribution ConsiderationsHere are
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Often, the first company does not p
Page 68 and 69: your ability to terminate agreement
Page 70 and 71: Once your company has prequalified
Page 72 and 73: Choosing a ForeignRepresentative or
Page 74 and 75: Success StoryDon’t Wait—Innovat
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 6Finding QualifiedBuyersIn
Page 78 and 79: companies are available from many p
Page 80 and 81: Trade Fair Certification Program (e
Page 82 and 83: Millennium Development CorporationT
Page 84 and 85: Who Is the “Ideal”International
Page 86 and 87: Scores of new franchising concepts
Page 88 and 89: Success StoryCast a Wide Net to Cat
Page 90 and 91: Chapter 8Preparing YourProduct for
Page 92 and 93: You can also contact the Office of
Page 94 and 95: training seminars, or DVDs. Zeigler
Page 96 and 97: The ChallengeSmith first looked tow
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Page 102 and 103: Success StoryRecruiting New Franchi
Page 104 and 105: Chapter 10International LegalConsid
Page 106 and 107: For more information from the U.S.
Page 108 and 109: When goods enter a bonded warehouse
Page 110 and 111: under the UCC. Older works may also
Page 112 and 113: Trade names are also protected on a
Page 114 and 115: knowledge, in turn, promotes furthe
Page 116 and 117: prevent him or her from obtaining a
Page 120 and 121: Because such a website is often sta
Page 122 and 123: An online exporter may choose to pu
Page 124 and 125: important to identify and incorpora
Page 126 and 127: other business contacts) options re
Page 128 and 129: Success StoryGrowing Strong withInt
Page 130 and 131: Chapter 12Shipping YourProductIn th
Page 132 and 133: One popular method of shipment is t
Page 134 and 135: Certificate of ConformityRequired b
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Page 138 and 139: To learn more about comprehensive r
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Page 144 and 145: CompetitionIn the domestic market,
Page 146 and 147: Commonly Used TermsIt is important
Page 148 and 149: Success StoryAligning Innovationwit
Page 150 and 151: Chapter 14Methods ofPaymentIn this
Page 152 and 153: Letters of Credit and Documentary C
Page 154 and 155: You must provide documentation show
Page 156 and 157: associated with open-account trade
Page 158 and 159: payment. This is because the export
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Page 162 and 163: • The need for preshipment financ
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To be eligible, a business must hav
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Medium Enterprise Department and OP
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Success StoryManufacturingInternati
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Chapter 16Business TravelAbroadIn t
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Planning an ItineraryTravel agents
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Business Culture TipsAlways answer
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Gift giving is an important part of
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particularly intense issue. So the
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Here are a few suggestions.• Expe
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Building a Working RelationshipOnce
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negotiations and agreements with it
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Chapter 18Rules of Originfor FTAsIn
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5. Determine if the foreign content
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The original ROOs are listed in an
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Example Rules of OriginCombining Mu
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Israel, Jordan, Morocco, Bahrain, a
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The importer may ask the exporter w
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Generic CertificatesIf a good does
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Architectural Association of Kenya
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Appendix A: Glossary of TermsAdvanc
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Export-Import Bank of the United St
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Market SurveyReport that provides a
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Appendix B: Definitions of Abbrevia
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Appendix D: FormsHere, you will fin
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228U.S. Commercial Service • A Ba
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Tech International1000 J Street, N.
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COMMERCIAL INVOICESELLER: INVOICE N
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Copyright © 1998 UNZ & CO.SHIPPER/
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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITYU.S.
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PACKING LIST© Copyright 2001 Unz &
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1a. U.S. PRINCIPAL PARTY IN INTERES
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U.S. $13220of this FIRST of Exchang
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IndexAA2ASee account-to-account (A2
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Global Entrepreneurship Ecosystem (
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Swinko, RonSee Jet IncorporatedSzuc
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International OfficesAfghanistanKab
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