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islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

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Islamic Jihada big chunk <strong>of</strong> its crown territory to the ever-expanding Islamic empire. Toward the late medieval period,when the Ottoman sultans were at the forefront <strong>of</strong> imperial Islamic expansion, the Islamic army, under thebanner <strong>of</strong> Jihad, reached the gates <strong>of</strong> Vienna twice in their effort to incorporate Europe into the Islamicempire.Islam, therefore, was founded at its birth as an imperial, colonial power by Prophet Muhammad inaccordance with the divine instructions <strong>of</strong> Allah. In time, Islam went on to establish the greatest colonialempire <strong>of</strong> the medieval world and sustained the longest period in the history <strong>of</strong> imperial colonialism. Later on,the rival European colonists started dismantling it in the mid-eighteenth century. But how many people in theworld have heard the term "Islamic <strong>imperialism</strong>" or "Islamic colonialism", although European colonialism isfirst thing one learns about world history.THE PERCEPTION OF ISLAMIC RULEMuslims, growing up in the subcontinent, are taught to be proud <strong>of</strong> Islam’s heroic and glorious past in India.Special adulation is reserved for the three great Islamic heroes, Muhammad bin Qasim, Sultan Mahmud <strong>of</strong>Ghazni and Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, for their decisive roles in firmly establishing the Muslim faith inHindustan. Qasim was the first to bring the light <strong>of</strong> Islam to the India proper through his conquest <strong>of</strong> Sindh in712. Then Sultan Mahmud came along in 1000 CE and made seventeenth brilliant expeditions to India,bringing with him an unrelenting determination to further the spread <strong>of</strong> Islamic glory amongst benightedinfidels <strong>of</strong> the subcontinent. From a Muslim perspective, he became a model <strong>of</strong> perseverance for spreading thelight <strong>of</strong> Islam. Drawing on Sultan Mahmud’s undying determination as an example, Muslim children are toldto increase their determination and perseverance to achieve their goals in life.Emperor Aurangzeb (r. 1658–1707) is another great Islamic hero amongst Muslim rulers <strong>of</strong> India; heplayed a critical role in saving Islam in India by reversing enlightened Akbar’s deviant and liberal policies,harmful to Islam. Akbar had attempted to synthesize a new composite religion, called Din-i-Ilahi—religion <strong>of</strong>God, which could extinguish the light <strong>of</strong> Islam in India forever. His great grandson Dara Sikoh followed inhis footsteps to reinvigorate the synthesis <strong>of</strong> Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism. Aurangzeb, a fanatical SunniMuslim, waged Jihad against his heretical brother Dara Sikoh, the heir-apparent to the throne, and put him todeath on the accusation <strong>of</strong> apostasy. Aurangzeb also patronized the composition <strong>of</strong> the Fatwa-i-Alamgiri, agreat compendium <strong>of</strong> Hanafi laws, which, neglected for a long time, helped bring the wayward Islam to theright path in India. In sum, Aurangzeb rescued and revived a decaying Islam and saved it from its decadenceand likely extinction in India. He also prospered it by patronizing the <strong>conversion</strong> <strong>of</strong> non-Muslims to Islam byforce and other forms <strong>of</strong> compulsion and inducements. During his fifty-year rule, he brought the full force <strong>of</strong>Islam to bear on the state policy—so much so that, the majority <strong>of</strong> the Muslims in Northern India trace theirIslamic roots to their ancestors’ <strong>conversion</strong> in Aurangzeb’s reign. These three great Islamic conquerors andrulers brought and propagated the light <strong>of</strong> the glorious religion <strong>of</strong> truth in the dark, decadent and idolatrousland <strong>of</strong> India. Islam’s arrival marked the beginning <strong>of</strong> a great civilization in India, replacing its worthlessjahiliyah (ignorance) past. So goes the Islamic discourse!This remains the general impression <strong>of</strong> Islamic rule in India not only amongst Muslims; it is also thedominant opinion amongst modern historians <strong>of</strong> non-Muslim backgrounds. The history books in Pakistanteach: ‘Before Mohammed (Qasim) there is blackness: <strong>slavery</strong>, exploitation. After Mohammed, there is light:<strong>slavery</strong> and exploitation vanish.’ 343 In India, the general theme <strong>of</strong> this School <strong>of</strong> history writing has beensuccinctly described by Shashi Sharma:343. Naipaul VS (1981) Among the Believers: An Islamic Journey, Alfred A Knopf, New York, p. 143115

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