islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

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Propagation of Islam: By Force or Peacefully?Guided by the Quran, the prophetic model for the propagation of Islam, therefore, consisted ofconverting the idolaters at the pain of death. The Jews were to be attacked and expelled from their lands ashappened to Banu Qaynuqa and Banu Nadir. In other instances—Muhammad’s dealing with the Jews of BanuQuraiza, for example—they were attacked, their males were slaughtered en masse, and their women andchildren were made Muslim through enslavement. In Khaybar, after defeating the Jews, their women andchildren were driven away as slaves. The surviving men were allowed to tend the land on the condition ofpaying half of the produce as tribute until Muslims had sufficient manpower to cultivate the captured land.Regarding Christians, when the Prophet sent emissaries to Christian kings and princes, he demandedthat they convert to Islam or face the wrath of his army. In other instances, he ordered the Christians not tobaptize their children, thereby incorporating the latter into Islam. Jews and Christians were finally placed intothe same category of dhimmi subjects in verse 9:29. Thereafter, they could generally be attacked, their malesslaughtered in the battle, their women and children enslaved, and the rest could be tolerated as dhimmisubjects, if they accepted the degrading terms of dhimmitude (see Pact of Omar below).The thirteen-year prophetic mission of Muhammad in Mecca, during which he obtained about 150converts, was somewhat peaceful, while the last ten years in Medina was overwhelmingly violent, involvingplundering raids of non-Muslim caravans and wars against their communities. In the process, the infidels wereslaughtered, evicted and enslaved en masse or converted to Islam on the pain of death.The Meccan period of Muhammad’s prophetic mission was obviously a complete failure. Therefore,the violent phase of Muhammad’s prophetic mission in Medina, which enabled him to put Islam on a firmfooting, was the dominant mode of his propagation of Islam. To be noted here that Muhammad had shownindications of future violence even during his preaching mission in Mecca when he was militarily very weak.Had his community in Mecca been powerful enough, violence would very likely have started in Mecca itself.Dr Muhammad Muhsin Khan of the Islamic University at Medina, translator of the Quran and al-Bukharihadiths, agrees to such a possibly as he says, ‘at first ‘the fighting’ was forbidden, then it was permitted, andafter that it was made obligatory.’ 130 Contemporary scholar Dr Sobhy as-Saleh quotes brilliant medievalEgyptian theologian Imam Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti (d. 1505), famously known as Ibn al-Kutb (the Son ofBooks), on why the permission of Jihad from heaven came gradually: ‘‘The command to fight the infidels wasdelayed until the Muslims become strong, but when they were weak they were commanded to endure and bepatient.’’ 131 Dr as-Saleh adds the opinion of another famous medieval Egyptian theologian Abi Bakr az-Zarkashi (d. 1411) that ‘‘Allah, the most high and wise, revealed to Mohammad in his weak condition whatsuited the situation, because of his mercy to him and his followers. For if He gave them the command to fightwhile they were weak it would have been embarrassing and most difficult, but when the most high made Islamvictorious He commanded him with what suited the situation, that is asking the people of the Book to becomeMuslims or to pay the levied tax, and the infidels (Polytheists) to become Muslims or face death.’’ 132It is, therefore, undeniable that violence, prompted by carefully unraveled divine verses, was thelifeline of Prophet Muhammad’s propagation of Islam and his founding of the nascent Islamic state inMedina. Violent Jihad is the heart of Islam; without it, Islam would, most likely, have died a natural death inthe seventh century itself. This ideal model of the propagation of Islam was meticulously embraced by theProphet’s immediate successors and later Muslim rulers. During the late period of Islamic domination,Ottomans was wreaking havoc in the Balkan and Eastern Europe, while reaching the Gates of Vienna, theheart of Europe and the Holy Roman Empire, for the second time in 1683. Meanwhile, Mughal EmperorAurangzeb (r. 1658–1707) was wreaking havoc on the infidels of India, destroying thousands of Hindu130. Khan MM (1987) Introduction, in The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih Al-Bukhari, Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi,Vol. I, p. XXVI131. Sobhy as-Saleh (1983) Mabaheth Fi ‘Ulum al- Qur’an, Dar al-’Ilm Lel-Malayeen, Beirut, p. 269132. Ibid, p. 27058
Islamic Jihadtemples and converting the Hindus and other non-Muslims by the sword and other measures of compulsion(discussed below).MUSLIM SCHOLARS ON THE WARS FOR SPREADING ISLAMThe long list of wars involving immense bloodbath cannot be disregarded by Muslims when critics accusethat Islam was spread by the sword. Many of these battles took place thousands of miles away from theIslamic heartland of Arabia. One has to be credulous in the extreme to believe, as claim Muslims, that thesemultitudes of battles were defensive in nature. The Muslim homeland in the Arabian Peninsula was neverunder invasion by the Persians, Spaniards or Indians. When Pope Benedict highlighted this violent nature ofIslam in a lecture in Germany in September 2006 by pointing to a 1391 conversation between a Byzantineemperor and a Muslim scholar, 133 the Muslim world raised an international outcry. They unleashed acts ofviolence and vandalism, which led to burning and torching of churches and death of a number of people.Clerics from Britain (and also Somalia) ordered the assassination of the Pope for insulting the Prophet. 134Muslims’ indulging in unbridled vandalism, violence and acts of terrorism in reaction to such allegations onlyproves those allegations true.While the majority of Muslims take recourse of violent protests against these allegations, Islamicscholars pick up the pen to rebut them. Today’s most influential Muslim scholar, Dr Sheikh Yusuf al-Qaradawi—whom the London Mayor Ken Livingstone embraced as a voice of "moderation and peace" in theIslamic world—condemned the Pope’s comment as follows:The Pope spoke about Islam without reading first its scriptures, the Noble Quran, and ProphetMuhammad’s hadiths, but sufficed to cite a conversation between a Byzantine emperor and aPersian Muslim intellectual… To say that Prophet Muhammad brought evil and inhuman things,like spreading faith by the sword, is either a calumny or pure ignorance, in effect. 135Dr Zakir Naik, the president of the Islamic Research Foundation (Mumbai, India), is another brilliant Islamicscholar, highly respected across the Muslim world for his voice of reason and scientific investigation of Islam.Both al-Qaradawi and Naik have explained the allegation of Islam’s propagation through violence aswhat Muslims universally call the widespread misconception about Islam. The arguments of these two famousscholars of Islam will be discussed here. Al-Qaradawi lists four main reasons behind the wars that wereundertaken by Prophet Muhammad and the later caliphs of Islam: 1361. For protecting sovereignty of the Islamic state2. For overcoming tyranny of foreign rulers133. Pope quoted Emperor Manuel II Palaeologus (1391): “Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new,and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith hepreached.”134. Doughty S and Mcdermott N (2006) The Pope must die, says Muslim, Daily Mail (UK), 18 September135. Islam Online, Muslims Insist on Pope’s Apology, 15 Sept, 2006; http://www.islamonline.net/English/News/2006-09/15/01.shtml136. Yusuf Al-Qaradawi (2007) The Truth about the Spread of Islam, Islam Online website, 06 Aug;http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?pagename=IslamOnline-English-Ask_Scholar/FatwaE/FatwaE&cid=113516713406259
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ISLAMICJIHADA Legacy of Forced Conv
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Based on meticulous investigation o
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Islamic JihadPrefaceI was born and
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ContentsChapter I .................
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Islamic JihadOn Education and learn
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Jihad: The Controversies2-young Mus
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Jihad: The Controversies2-As violen
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3-Basic Beliefs in IslamIslam is ba
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Propagation of Islam: By Force or P
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Chapter VThe Arab-Islamic Imperiali
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Islamic Jihad1. ‘And fight them (
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Islamic Jihada big chunk of its cro
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Islamic Jihadequality of men, justi
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Islamic Jihadon to say, it was only
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Islamic Jihadland-tax (kharaj) fixe
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Islamic Jihadnecessitated by the fa
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Islamic Jihadbecame Buddhists; in C
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Islamic JihadMuslims, by converting
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Islamic JihadLikewise, the Arab Chr
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Islamic Jihad1. Did Arabs and their
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Islamic Jihadboast of enriching Ind
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Islamic JihadSavages at a very low
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Islamic Jihadobsession for white wo
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Islamic Jihadraised revolts. It has
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Islamic Jihadimperialist. Although,
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Islamic Jihadhas caused devastating
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Chapter VIIslamic Imperialism in In
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Islamic Jihadlaments Ibn Warraq. Fo
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Islamic Jihadbeasts of prey. The tr
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Islamic Jihad4. Aurangzeb proceeded
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Islamic Jihadlarge numbers as a res
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Islamic JihadTo their credit, the I
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Islamic JihadWhereas among other na
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Islamic JihadIt is an extremely sig
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Islamic Jihadfound it ‘‘large a
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Islamic Jihadorthodox Hindu—Shiva
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Islamic JihadThe claim that a utopi
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Islamic JihadThe Sepoy Mutiny, in a
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Islamic JihadBritish Empire, the fo
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Islamic Jihadoutbreaks of religious
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Islamic Jihadthat mere threats will
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Islamic Jihadstarted by the support
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Islamic Jihaddays (of Islam in Arab
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Islamic JihadIn the towns and villa
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Islamic Jihadthe Police Station was
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Islamic Jihadrenewed, intensified v
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Islamic Jihadcases more than 85 per
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Islamic Jihadsciences and learning
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Islamic Jihadold environment, which
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Islamic Jihadeight more plundering
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Islamic Jihadcarried the heads of t
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Islamic JihadNo doubt there was som
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Islamic Jihadeconomic exploitation.
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Islamic Jihadrule, kind-hearted Jah
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Islamic JihadThe negative impact of
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Islamic Slaverybeings as a commodit
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Islamic SlaveryTHE PROPHETIC MODEL
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Islamic SlaveryAncient China. In an
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Islamic SlaveryDuring 715 to 1000 C
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Islamic SlaveryBihar, brought away
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Islamic Slaveryand marry them off d
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Islamic Slaverysuggest that the ens
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Islamic Slaveryten. In the assault
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Islamic Slavery‘The renowned king
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Islamic Slaverywomen and children,
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Islamic SlaveryThis is only an acco
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Islamic Slavery‘‘had her washed
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Islamic Slaveryattention, it killed
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Islamic Slavery85) built the famous
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Islamic Slaveryenslaved, but quite
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Islamic SlaveryEmployment in palace
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Islamic SlaveryTwo categories of wo
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Islamic Slavery‘‘I found myself
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Islamic SlaveryIt is noted already
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Islamic SlaveryAfter direct Muslim
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Islamic SlaveryAkbar were men of fo
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Islamic SlaveryThe most famous Euro
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Islamic SlaveryEUROPEAN SLAVE-TRADE
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Islamic Slaveryworld that continued
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Islamic SlaveryHumane treatment of
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Islamic Slaveryuntil the end of the
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Islamic Slaverybetween one and two
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Islamic Slaverythe death of 7,600 C
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Islamic SlaveryDisheartened by the
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Islamic Slaverydiplomatic duty in P
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Islamic Slaverynext morning, the ci
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Islamic SlaverySri Lanka, Egypt and
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Islamic SlaveryThree members of the
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The Last WordBeginning at the time
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The Last WordWe said (to non-Muslim
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The Last Word• Elst K (1993) Nega
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The Last Word• Rizvi SAA (1978) A
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IndexAmorium, 217, 241Amr, 28, 41,
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IndexHolocaust, 35Hubal, 10Hudaybiy
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IndexPhilippines, 100, 102, 103, 10
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