islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

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Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Birth of Jihadhere on you in hot haste, your Lord would help you with five thousand angels Making a terrific onslaught’[Quran 3:224–25].Allah insisted that He truly had helped Muslims in the earlier battle at Badr when they had feareddefeat; and for that, they should express gratitude to Him: ‘Remember two of your parties (amongst Muslims)meditated cowardice (in Badr); but Allah was their protector, and in Allah should the faithful (Ever) put theirtrust. Allah had helped you at Bad’r, when ye were a contemptible little force; then fear Allah; thus May yeshow your gratitude’ [Quran 3:122–23].Allah also blamed the Muslim fighters for not paying heed to Muhammad’s command, which, Heheld, was responsible for their latest defeat at Ohud: ‘When ye climbed (the hill) and paid no heed to anyone,while the messenger, in your rear, was calling you (to fight). Therefore He rewarded you grief for (his) grief,that (He might teach) you not to sorrow either for that which ye missed or for that which befell you’ [Quran3:153].Further, Allah cited examples of His earlier prophets and their disciples before Muhammad, who hadsteadfastly fought in His cause without ever loosing heart and urged Muhammad’s followers to do likewise:‘How many of the prophets fought (in Allah’s way), and with them (fought) large bands of godly men? Butthey never lost heart if they met with disaster in Allah’s way, nor did they weaken (in will) nor give in. AndAllah loves those who are firm and steadfast’ [Quran 3:146].About those who were slain at Ohud, Allah revealed verses to console their kinsfolk and comradesthat they were, in reality, not dead but in a trance; and that they had landed in Paradise where they wererejoicing: ‘Think not of those who are slain in Allah’s way as dead. Nay, they live, finding their sustenance inthe presence of their Lord; they rejoice in the bounty provided by Allah: And with regard to those left behind,who have not yet joined them (in their bliss), the (Martyrs) glory in the fact that on them is no fear, nor havethey (cause to) grieve’ [Quran 3:169–70].Meanwhile in August 625, some five months after the battle of Ohud, Muhammad attacked theJewish tribe of Banu Nadir of Medina and again exiled them (described below). But having learned a lessonin the disastrous battle of Ohud against the powerful Quraysh, Muhammad stopped his raids on Meccancaravans for some time. The Quraysh did not follow up after their victorious campaign of Ohud any further.Since Muhammad had stopped raiding their caravans, they possibly thought that he had learnt a lesson andposed no further threats. In the meantime, Muhammad took time to consolidate his power by increasing hisconverts and material support (captured from exiled Banu Qaynuqa and Nadir tribes, see below). After arespite of about one year, he resumed his raids on Meccan caravans in April 626. Increasingly successful raidson rich caravans started making Muslims very rich in spoils, camels and slaves. At this point, seeking tostrengthen his plundering brigands, Muhammad had invited nearby non-Muslim tribes to join his raids. Somenon-Muslim tribes joined his plundering forays, likely for twin reasons: the greed for the booty and for theirown protection from Muhammad’s raids. By this time, Muhammad had attacked and exiled two powerfulJewish tribes of Medina, which clearly suggests that those non-Muslim tribes faced a real danger of beingattacked by Muhammad if they refused his call.The Battle of the Ditch (Trench)The resumption of raids on Meccan caravans sent a clear message that Muhammad’s threat to the Qurayshwas far from over. Abu Sufyan, therefore, made preparation in April 627 to launch another counterattack forputting an end to Muhammad’s threats. He appealed to neighbouring tribes to join hands and many of them,including Banu Ghatafan, Banu Suleim and Banu Asad—who had already suffered from Muhammad’sattacks—responded to his call. A huge confederate force of 10,000 men (some say 7,000) assembled behindAbu Sufyan. Muhammad had a capacity to assemble, at best, 3,000 men on his side at this time and thesituation looked grave for his community.24
Islamic JihadFortunately for Muhammad, he had obtained a Persian convert, the famous Salman the Persian, whogave Muhammad the idea of digging a trench around his abode in Medina. This was a common strategy forfending off enemy attacks in Persia but unknown amongst Arabs. Muhammad instantly grabbed the idea andordered digging a deep trench around the perimeter of his community. The outer walls of houses werefortified by stones, entrenching Muslims inside. The Quraysh laid a siege on the city. But unfamiliar with thetactic, they failed to overcome the trench. After a long siege, extending beyond twenty days (some say nearlyone month), the Meccan army withdrew. There was not much fighting during the siege. Muhammad’s sidelost only five men, while the Meccan side lost three. Salman, a Christian converted from Zoroastrianismbefore converting to Islam, whose advice saved the day, was duly appreciated by Muhammad expressinggratitude to him and his community for their depth of knowledge. 50As soon as the Quraysh withdrew from the siege, Muhammad accused Banu Qurayza—the lastJewish tribe in Medina—of assisting the Quraysh and attacked them. When the Jews surrendered, heslaughtered the men and enslaved the women and children (described below).The Conquest of Mecca and capture of the Ka’baBy 628, Muhammad had either evicted or annihilated all the powerful Jewish tribes of Medina and broughtmany small tribes of surrounding regions to submission through threats or attacks. He had now becomepowerful enough to vie for the capture of his ancestral city of Mecca and the Ka’ba therein—on which, he hadlaid a claim very early in his prophetic mission. Furthermore, it was the Ka’ba toward which his communityin Medina had been turning for years whilst saying prayers. The Ka’ba had thus become the most sacredsymbol of his religious mission and the biggest prize to be captured. The Ka’ba also had a big economicsignificance (as it is to the Saudis today), because, as the centre of pilgrimage—namely the Omra and Hajj—for the people of Arabia, it was a coveted revenue-generating venture. Moreover, Allah had dedicated somuch effort and space in the Quran for fighting and defeating the Quraysh. Bringing Mecca to submission hadtherefore become the central mission of Muhammad’s prophetic career.The Treaty of Hudaybiya: In March 628, about one year after the battle of the Ditch and six yearsafter his relocation from Mecca, Muhammad dared marching toward his ancestral city. He invited thesurrounding tribes to join his campaign, but his invitation to this dangerous venture was declined. Muhammadmarched toward Mecca at the head of some 1,300 to 1,525 armed Muslims during the lesser pilgrimage(Omra). The Quraysh learned of Muhammad’s approach and swore not to allow him enter their city anothertime, because of the terrible bloodbath, humiliation and hardships he had caused to them. When Muhammadwas apprized of the determination of the Quraysh, he stopped and set up tents at a place called Hudaybiya. Hesent forth a message to Mecca that he had come only to perform pilgrimage peacefully and then would returnto Medina.Muhammad was determined to perform the pilgrimage to which the Quraysh were adamantlyopposed. Given consideration to Muhammad’s military power and capacity to engage in cruelty andbloodbath, the Quraysh decided to negotiate with him in order to avoid a bloody confrontation. At one pointin the course of the intense bargaining that followed, Othman—Muhammad’s son-in-law and the third caliphof Islam—went to the Meccan camp for negotiation. It was taking time for Othman to return and a rumourspread in the Muslim camp that he had been killed. Muhammad quickly assembled his armed comrades underan acacia tree and bounded them one by one by a pledge to stand by "Othman to the death". This oath becameknown as the famous Pledge of the Tree in Islamic annals. Muhammad had excited his followers’ religiousfervor in the camp to such a degree that all of them were in a suicidal mood to rush upon the enemy at once.Just about this time, Othman returned to the camp avoiding a sheer bloodbath. Othman returned with the finalterms of the treaty and a truce was signed—the famous Treaty of Hudaybiya. It demanded cessation of50. Ibid, p. 121–22; Ibn Ishaq, p. 456–61; Muir, p. 306–1425
Page 1 and 2: ISLAMICJIHADA Legacy of Forced Conv
Page 3 and 4: Based on meticulous investigation o
Page 5 and 6: Islamic JihadPrefaceI was born and
Page 7 and 8: ContentsChapter I .................
Page 9: Islamic JihadOn Education and learn
Page 14 and 15: Jihad: The Controversies2-young Mus
Page 16 and 17: Jihad: The Controversies2-As violen
Page 18 and 19: 3-Basic Beliefs in IslamIslam is ba
Page 20 and 21: 3-Basic Beliefs in IslamDuring the
Page 22 and 23: Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Bi
Page 66 and 67: Propagation of Islam: By Force or P
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Propagation of Islam: By Force or P
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Chapter VThe Arab-Islamic Imperiali
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Islamic Jihad1. ‘And fight them (
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Islamic Jihada big chunk of its cro
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Islamic Jihadequality of men, justi
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Islamic Jihadon to say, it was only
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Islamic Jihadland-tax (kharaj) fixe
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Islamic Jihadnecessitated by the fa
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Islamic Jihadbecame Buddhists; in C
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Islamic JihadMuslims, by converting
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Islamic JihadLikewise, the Arab Chr
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Islamic Jihad1. Did Arabs and their
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Islamic Jihadboast of enriching Ind
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Islamic JihadSavages at a very low
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Islamic Jihadobsession for white wo
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Islamic Jihadraised revolts. It has
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Islamic Jihadimperialist. Although,
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Islamic Jihadhas caused devastating
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Chapter VIIslamic Imperialism in In
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Islamic Jihadlaments Ibn Warraq. Fo
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Islamic Jihadbeasts of prey. The tr
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Islamic Jihad4. Aurangzeb proceeded
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Islamic Jihadlarge numbers as a res
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Islamic JihadTo their credit, the I
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Islamic JihadWhereas among other na
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Islamic JihadIt is an extremely sig
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Islamic Jihadfound it ‘‘large a
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Islamic Jihadorthodox Hindu—Shiva
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Islamic JihadThe claim that a utopi
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Islamic JihadThe Sepoy Mutiny, in a
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Islamic JihadBritish Empire, the fo
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Islamic Jihadoutbreaks of religious
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Islamic Jihadthat mere threats will
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Islamic Jihadstarted by the support
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Islamic Jihaddays (of Islam in Arab
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Islamic JihadIn the towns and villa
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Islamic Jihadthe Police Station was
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Islamic Jihadrenewed, intensified v
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Islamic Jihadcases more than 85 per
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Islamic Jihadsciences and learning
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Islamic Jihadold environment, which
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Islamic Jihadeight more plundering
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Islamic Jihadcarried the heads of t
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Islamic JihadNo doubt there was som
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Islamic Jihadeconomic exploitation.
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Islamic Jihadrule, kind-hearted Jah
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Islamic JihadThe negative impact of
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Islamic Slaverybeings as a commodit
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Islamic SlaveryTHE PROPHETIC MODEL
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Islamic SlaveryAncient China. In an
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Islamic SlaveryDuring 715 to 1000 C
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Islamic SlaveryBihar, brought away
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Islamic Slaveryand marry them off d
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Islamic Slaverysuggest that the ens
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Islamic Slaveryten. In the assault
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Islamic Slavery‘The renowned king
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Islamic Slaverywomen and children,
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Islamic SlaveryThis is only an acco
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Islamic Slavery‘‘had her washed
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Islamic Slaveryattention, it killed
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Islamic Slavery85) built the famous
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Islamic Slaveryenslaved, but quite
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Islamic SlaveryEmployment in palace
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Islamic SlaveryTwo categories of wo
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Islamic Slavery‘‘I found myself
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Islamic SlaveryIt is noted already
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Islamic SlaveryAfter direct Muslim
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Islamic SlaveryAkbar were men of fo
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Islamic SlaveryThe most famous Euro
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Islamic SlaveryEUROPEAN SLAVE-TRADE
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Islamic Slaveryworld that continued
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Islamic SlaveryHumane treatment of
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Islamic Slaveryuntil the end of the
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Islamic Slaverybetween one and two
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Islamic Slaverythe death of 7,600 C
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Islamic SlaveryDisheartened by the
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Islamic Slaverydiplomatic duty in P
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Islamic Slaverynext morning, the ci
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Islamic SlaverySri Lanka, Egypt and
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Islamic SlaveryThree members of the
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The Last WordBeginning at the time
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The Last WordWe said (to non-Muslim
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The Last Word• Elst K (1993) Nega
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The Last Word• Rizvi SAA (1978) A
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IndexAmorium, 217, 241Amr, 28, 41,
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IndexHolocaust, 35Hubal, 10Hudaybiy
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IndexPhilippines, 100, 102, 103, 10
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