islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

Islamic JihadProphet Muhammad died in 632 and Abu Bakr, his father-in-law, became the first caliph of the Islamic state.The aggressive wars for the purpose of expanding the domain of Islam and spreading the Islamic faithcontinued:633 CE — Battles at Oman, Hadramaut, Kazima, Walaja, Ulleis, and Anbar634 CE — Battles of Basra, Damascus and AjnadinCaliph Abu Bakr was allegedly assassinated in 634. Omar al-Khattab, another father-in-law and companion ofthe Prophet, became the second caliph. The mission to expand the Islamic territory continued under hisdirection:634 CE — Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia635 CE — Battles of Bridge, Buwaib, Damascus and Fahl636 CE — Battles of Yermuk, Qadisiyia and Madain637 CE — Battle of Jalula638 CE — Battle of Yarmuk, conquest of Jerusalem and Jazirah639 CE — Conquest of Khuizistan and movement into Egypt641 CE — Battle of Nihawand642 CE — Battle of Ray in Persia643 CE — Conquest of Azerbaijan644 CE — Conquest of Fars and KharanCaliph Omar, who played the pivotal role in the expansion of the Islamic state, was murdered in 644. Othman,a son-in-law and companion of the Prophet, became the next caliph and the conquests continued:647 CE — Conquest of the island of Cypress648 CE — Campaign against the Byzantines651 CE — Naval battle against the Byzantines654 CE — Islam spreads into North AfricaCaliph Othman was also murdered in 656. Ali, the husband of the Prophet’s daughter Fatimah, became thenew caliph. During this time, just over two decades after Muhammad’s death, internal dissension andconflicts badly afflicted the Islamic community. This led to intra-Islam battles, such as the Battle of the Camelbetween Ali and the Prophet’s wife Aisha and the Battle of Siffin between Ali and Mu'awiyah. As a result,wars against the infidels died down. Under Caliph Ali, only two notable wars were waged against the infidels:658 CE — Battle of Nahrawan659 CE — Conquest of EgyptAli was murdered with a poisoned dagger in 661, ending the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs or KhilafatRashidun. The Umayyad dynasty, headed by Mu'awiyah, came to power. Wars of conquest for expandingthe Islamic kingdom once again resumed in full force.662 CE — Egypt falls to Islamic rule666 CE — Sicily attacked by Muslims677 CE — Siege of Constantinople55