islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

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Propagation of Islam: By Force or Peacefully?who was dispossessed from gaining his father’s zamindari state of Rampura in Malwa, received the state backby becoming Muslim. 215In other instances, Muslims used to invent false charges against Hindus of insulting Islam and theywere forced to embrace Islam as punishment. The Council of Surat recorded similar strategy for conversion in1668. When Muslims owed money to Hindu money-lenders (bania) but did not want to pay back, ‘‘theMuhammadan would lodge a complaint to the Kazi (judge) that he had called the Prophet names or spokencontumaciously of their religion, produce a false witness or two and the poor man was forced to circumcisionand made to embrace Islam.’’ 216Aurangzeb also promulgated an order in 1685 to his officers of the provinces to encourage theHindus to convert to Islam by offering that ‘each Hindu male, who becomes a Musalman, is to be givenRupees four and each Hindu woman Rupees two’ from the treasury. 217 Four Rupees was equivalent to amonth’s earning of a male. Given that conversions also brought relief from jizyah, kharaj and host of othercrushing taxes along with relief from the humiliation and degradation, this incentive had a much largerinducement for conversion than its monetary value. One Mughal document records the conversion of 150Hindus by Shaikh Abdul Momin, the Faujdar of Bithur, by offering them saropas (robes of honour) andcash. 218Aurangzeb converted the pundits of Kashmir en masse by force. The aggrieved pundits came to SikhGuru Tegh Bahadur Singh of Punjab for help. When the Guru went to the court of Aurangzeb to enquireabout the unlawful conversion of Kashmiris, he was imprisoned and tortured at length for weeks demandinghis own conversion. He (also two of his disciples) was ultimately beheaded. It appears that until the time ofAurangzeb, Hindus were still a substantial, if not dominant, part of the population in Kashmir. The spadeworkof Aurangzeb has transformed the beautiful Himalayan Queen state of India into an overwhelminglyMuslim-dominated one, and the most fanatic one, too. During Aurangzeb’s reign, similar policies must havebeen in force elsewhere in India having effective Muslim control.Brutal Conversion in KashmirViolent and coercive conversion of the Hindus did not remain confined to the central Muslim power based inDelhi. It also spread to the provinces where Muslim rulers remained often independent and enforced the writof Islam on the subjects as their pious duty. Kashmir will suffice as an example.In the reign of Sikandar Butshikun (1389–1413), he and his prime minister, a Brahmin convert toIslam, teamed up to unleash harrowing persecution of Kashmiri Hindus. Sikandar, records Ferishtah, issuedan order‘proscribing the residence of any other than Mahomedans in Kashmeer; and he required that noman should wear the mark on his forehead (as worn by Hindus)... Lastly, he insisted on allgolden and silver images (idols) being broken and melted down, and the metal coined intomoney. Many of the bramins (Brahmins), rather than abandon their religion or their country,poisoned themselves; some emigrated from their native homes, while a few escaped the evil ofbanishment by becoming Mahomedans. After the emigration of the bramins, Sikundur (Sikandar)215. Sharma, p. 220216. Ibid, p. 219–20217. Bikaner Museum Archives, Exhibit No. 43218. Ibid, Exhibit No. 4082
Islamic Jihadordered all the temples in Kashmeer to be thrown down… Having broken all the images inKashmeer, he acquired the title of the Iconoclast, Destroyer of Idols.’ 219According to learned Ferishtah (d. 1614), this was the greatest deed of Sultan Sikandar.Succeeding the Iconoclast, his son Ameer Khan (or Ally Shah)—guided by his father’s fanatic primeminister—continued the butchery of remaining Hindus. They ‘persecuted the few bramins who still remainedfirm in their religion; and by putting all to death, who refused to embrace Mahomedism. He drove those whostill lingered in Kashmeer entirely out of that kingdom,’ adds Ferishtah. 220 Later on, in the reigns of MalikRaina and Kaji Chak, the Hindus were converted to Islam by the sword, often accompanied by their massslaughter (described below). These historical records should leave one in no doubt about the measures thatwere instrumental in converting the masses of Indian infidels to Islam.Voluntary conversionDECEPTIVE PROPAGANDA ABOUT CONVERSIONModern Islamic scholars and historians (also many non-Muslim ones) have created a thick smokescreen ofmyths surrounding the means by which Muslim population grew in medieval India and elsewhere. This mythis that the conquered infidels embraced Islam on their own accord, after they discovered Islam’s message ofpeace and justice. The records of medieval Islamic historians, travelers, invaders and rulers prove suchassertions thoroughly groundless. Chronicles of European travelers and courtiers on India, especially of theMughal period, also concur with the records of Muslim historians. All those records suggest that the Hindushad nothing but disdain and resentment toward Muslims. The evidence for the conversion of non-Muslims toIslam, impressed by its message, is nonexistent. The most peaceful means of conversion of the Hindusrecorded in medieval documents was the lure of ridding themselves of the crippling misery and wretchedhumiliation caused by the draconian kharaj, jizyah and other onerous taxes. Such coercive methods ofconversion, solely to avoid an abominable alternative, can not be termed peaceful or voluntary. Voluntaryconversion might have taken place, but only in rare instances—much overwhelmed by the violent, coerciveones.Conversion of lower caste HindusMuslims in India make lofty claims that it is mostly the socially discriminated and oppressed lower casteHindus who had converted to Islam because of its message of equality for all. However, the medieval Islamicchroniclers, who sometimes kept quite detailed records of the conversion, have left no references to the factthat the lower caste Hindus flocked to Islam in order to run away from oppression and tyranny of the uppercaste Hindus. There might have been a higher proportion of conversion amongst lower caste Hindus, but foran entirely different reason. They were the poorest in the society and the crushing kharaj, jizyah and othertaxes had naturally hit them the hardest. A closer look at the Muslim population in the subcontinent revealsthat conversions had taken place across all levels of the society. The fact that some 70 percent of the Hindusin India still belong to lower castes negates the claim that they, impressed by Islam’s superior message, hadflocked to its banner in overwhelming numbers.According to a recent study, commissioned by the Andhra Pradesh government, the forefathers ofsome 85 percent of Muslims today belonged to lower castes. 221 That means, if fertility remained the sameamongst Muslims and Hindus, twice as many lower caste Hindus likely converted to Islam compared to the219. Ferishtah MQHS (1829) History of the Rise of the Mahomedan Power in India, translated by John Briggs, D.K.Publishers Distributors (P) Ltd, New Delhi, Vol. IV (1997 imprint), p. 268220. Ibid, p. 269221. 85% of Muslims in India were SC, backward Hindus: Report, Indian Express, 10 August 2008.83
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ISLAMICJIHADA Legacy of Forced Conv
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Based on meticulous investigation o
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Islamic JihadPrefaceI was born and
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ContentsChapter I .................
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Islamic JihadOn Education and learn
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Jihad: The Controversies2-young Mus
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Jihad: The Controversies2-As violen
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3-Basic Beliefs in IslamIslam is ba
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3-Basic Beliefs in IslamDuring the
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Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Bi
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Page 44 and 45: Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Bi
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Page 129 and 130: Islamic Jihadequality of men, justi
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Page 137 and 138: Islamic Jihadbecame Buddhists; in C
Page 139 and 140: Islamic JihadMuslims, by converting
Page 141 and 142: Islamic JihadLikewise, the Arab Chr
Page 143 and 144: Islamic Jihad1. Did Arabs and their
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Islamic Jihadboast of enriching Ind
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Islamic JihadSavages at a very low
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Islamic Jihadobsession for white wo
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Islamic Jihadraised revolts. It has
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Islamic Jihadimperialist. Although,
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Islamic Jihadhas caused devastating
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Chapter VIIslamic Imperialism in In
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Islamic Jihadlaments Ibn Warraq. Fo
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Islamic Jihadbeasts of prey. The tr
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Islamic Jihad4. Aurangzeb proceeded
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Islamic Jihadlarge numbers as a res
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Islamic JihadTo their credit, the I
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Islamic JihadWhereas among other na
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Islamic JihadIt is an extremely sig
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Islamic Jihadfound it ‘‘large a
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Islamic Jihadorthodox Hindu—Shiva
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Islamic JihadThe claim that a utopi
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Islamic JihadThe Sepoy Mutiny, in a
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Islamic JihadBritish Empire, the fo
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Islamic Jihadoutbreaks of religious
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Islamic Jihadthat mere threats will
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Islamic Jihadstarted by the support
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Islamic Jihaddays (of Islam in Arab
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Islamic JihadIn the towns and villa
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Islamic Jihadthe Police Station was
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Islamic Jihadrenewed, intensified v
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Islamic Jihadcases more than 85 per
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Islamic Jihadsciences and learning
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Islamic Jihadold environment, which
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Islamic Jihadeight more plundering
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Islamic Jihadcarried the heads of t
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Islamic JihadNo doubt there was som
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Islamic Jihadeconomic exploitation.
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Islamic Jihadrule, kind-hearted Jah
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Islamic JihadThe negative impact of
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Islamic Slaverybeings as a commodit
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Islamic SlaveryTHE PROPHETIC MODEL
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Islamic SlaveryAncient China. In an
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Islamic SlaveryDuring 715 to 1000 C
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Islamic SlaveryBihar, brought away
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Islamic Slaveryand marry them off d
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Islamic Slaverysuggest that the ens
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Islamic Slaveryten. In the assault
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Islamic Slavery‘The renowned king
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Islamic Slaverywomen and children,
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Islamic SlaveryThis is only an acco
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Islamic Slavery‘‘had her washed
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Islamic Slaveryattention, it killed
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Islamic Slavery85) built the famous
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Islamic Slaveryenslaved, but quite
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Islamic SlaveryEmployment in palace
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Islamic SlaveryTwo categories of wo
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Islamic Slavery‘‘I found myself
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Islamic SlaveryIt is noted already
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Islamic SlaveryAfter direct Muslim
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Islamic SlaveryAkbar were men of fo
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Islamic SlaveryThe most famous Euro
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Islamic SlaveryEUROPEAN SLAVE-TRADE
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Islamic Slaveryworld that continued
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Islamic SlaveryHumane treatment of
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Islamic Slaveryuntil the end of the
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Islamic Slaverybetween one and two
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Islamic Slaverythe death of 7,600 C
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Islamic SlaveryDisheartened by the
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Islamic Slaverydiplomatic duty in P
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Islamic Slaverynext morning, the ci
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Islamic SlaverySri Lanka, Egypt and
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Islamic SlaveryThree members of the
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The Last WordBeginning at the time
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The Last WordWe said (to non-Muslim
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The Last Word• Elst K (1993) Nega
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The Last Word• Rizvi SAA (1978) A
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IndexAmorium, 217, 241Amr, 28, 41,
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IndexHolocaust, 35Hubal, 10Hudaybiy
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IndexPhilippines, 100, 102, 103, 10
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