islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

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Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Birth of Jihadtreaty with Muhammad agreeing to pay jizyah as protection against attack on his people. Muhammad halted atTabuk for twenty days and brought a few small communities into subjection. Muhammad now wished tomarch ahead to make encroachment into the Syrian territory, the main objective of the campaign. While hewas making the preparation, intelligence arrived that a large Greek force had assembled at the border toconfront the Muslim army. The report disheartened his troops, forcing him to retreat without realizing hisardent desire.While in Tabuk, Muhammad had sent Khalid ibn Walid to the Oasis of Duma, ruled by ArabChristian prince Okaydir ibn Abdul Malik of the Kalb tribe. Okaydir was out on hunting with his brotherwhen Khalid ambushed them, killed his brother and brought Okaydir to Medina as a prisoner. Okaydir wasforced to convert to Islam and sign an agreement to pay customary taxes. After Muhammad’s death, Okaydirrevolted. To avenge his disobedience and apostasy, Khalid returned to Duma, killed the prince and sacked hiscommunity.Muhammad’s dealing with Christian delegationsMuhammad’s manner of dealing with Christians can be gauged from the way he had handled a few Christiandelegations in 631. After Muhammad’s capture of Mecca in 630, delegations from terrified tribes acrossArabia poured into Medina to seek protection from his attacks. In February, an embassy from the influentialChristian tribe of Banu Hanifa came to visit Muhammad in Medina. Although unclear what transpired in thediscussion, before they returned, the Prophet handed them a vessel of water left from his ablution and orderedthem that, on their return, they tear down their churches, sprinkle the site with the water and build a mosque atits stead. A month later, an embassy of sixteen men, made up of partly Christians from the Taghlib tribe,wearing gold crosses, paid a visit to Muhammad. He signed an agreement with them whereupon they couldkeep their faith but could not baptize their children into the Christian faith. 122 That means, the childrenbecame the property of Muslims.On another notable occasion, a Christian delegation of fourteen men from Nejran visited Muhammadin the same year. They were led by Abdul Masih of the Kinda tribe, Bishop Abu Haritha of the Bakr tribe anda representative of the noble Dayan family. Muhammad recited passages from the Quran to them, and out ofpoliteness, they agreed that he had a message for his people. But when he pressed them to embrace Islam,they declined. Much argument between the two parties on religious matters followed without reaching anagreement. Finally, Muhammad suggested of holding a fighting match between the two parties on cursingeach other, so that the curse of God will fall on the families of those who were lying. The Christian delegationrefused to participate in such mean acts. 123 Allah has related this story in the Quran as follows: ‘But whoeverdisputes with you in this matter after what has come to you of knowledge, then say: Come let us call our sonsand your sons and our women and your women and our near people and your near people, then let us beearnest in prayer, and pray for the curse of Allah on the liars’ [Quran 3:61].Before taking a leave, Muhammad assured the delegation that their practice of religion will not bemolested and their lands and properties will not be confiscated. But later in the same year, Muhammad sentKhalid to force the people of Nejran to embrace Islam. Knowing Khalid’s reputation as a brutal massmurderer,some of them quickly submitted to Islam. However, more pressing battles on other fronts divertedKhalid’s attention elsewhere and most of the people of Nejran remained Christian until Muhammad’s death.Later on, Caliph Omar launched a new campaign to exterminate the remaining Christians from Arabia. Undera fresh threat of attack and decimation, most of the Nejran tribesmen embraced Islam. In 635, Omar sent alarge number of their prominent citizens, scholars and religious leaders to exile. 124122. Muir, p. 458123. Ibid, p. 458–60124. Walker, p. 20748
Islamic JihadIn 632, the Prophet was preparing for an expedition when he suddenly fell terminally ill. His dyingwish to cleanse entire Arabia of other religions was taken up by the successive caliphs. Muslim armies firstset upon a campaign to convert the whole of Arabia by force. Soon, they turned attention to the Christiantribes of Central Asia. Musaylima of Yamama, allegedly under a revelation that pre-dated the start ofMuhammad’s mission, was preaching a mainly Christian version of religion. He had sent a letter toMuhammad recognizing him also as a prophet and appealed for preaching their religions within their regionswithout hostility. Rejecting Musaylima’s offer, Muhammad replied, ‘‘From Muhammad the apostle of God toMusaylima the liar... The earth is God’s. He lets whom He will of His creatures inherit it and the result is to the pious.’’ 125Musaylima was known to be very popular and his following was no less strong than Muhammad’s.Abu Bakr sent an expedition against Musaylima whose expanding popularity was threatening the nascentfaith of Islam. In the first battle of Yamama, Muslims were defeated by Musaylima’s followers. In the secondbattle in 634, Muslims suffered so worse a defeat that there was hardly a house in Medina where the sound ofwailing was not heard. Most importantly, thirty-nine of Muhammad’s chief companions, including the bestQuran rememberers, died in this battle. A few months later in 634, Abu Bakr turned to dreaded Khalid,sending him with a large force to exterminate Musaylima. A fierce battle ensued at Akraba, which famouslybecame known as the "garden of death". Musaylima was slain; ten thousand of his followers were massacred; therest of the population were forcibly converted to Islam. 126 No significant Christian presence remained in Arabia thereafter.This is the life of Prophet Muhammad, who, Muslims believe, was indisputably the greatest, kindestand most merciful human being ever to walk on the earth.STATUS OF NON-MUSLIMS IN ISLAM AS ACCORDED BY MUHAMMADBased on Prophet Muhammad’s treatment of non-Muslims, let us evaluate the status he had given to differentkinds of infidels: Pagans, Jews and Christians of the Arabian Peninsula.Idolaters in IslamProphet Muhammad tried to preach Islam among the idolaters of Mecca for thirteen years, but failed to makemuch progress. Although the majority of the Meccans rejected his message, he faced no violent hostility fromthem despite the fact that his messages were hateful and insulting to their religion, customs and ancestors, andthat he claimed the Ka’ba belonged to his God. The only hostility the Quraysh had shown was the two-yearsocial and economic blockade on Muhammad, a rather civilized measure. The Pagans of Mecca had,undoubtedly, shown remarkable tolerance in the face of hostile, irreverent attitude and actions of Muhammad.Seeing no hope of success of his mission in Mecca, and that his mission was doing very well in Medina in hisabsentia, Muhammad relocated there (622).Allah later termed the Meccans’ rejection of Islam "tumult and oppression", which was "worse thanslaughter". To avenge the rejection, Allah sanctioned attacking and killing the Meccan citizens [Quran 2:190–93]. He found the Meccans’ rejection of His new religion so offensive and unpardonable that He made killingand fighting those rejecters a binding duty upon Muslims, even if they disliked it [Quran 2:216]. Allah madefighting and killing the Meccan idolaters legal even during the prohibited months (for fighting), such as theirkilling in the first successful Jihad attack in Nakhla [Quran 2:217].After the controversial, but successful, blood-letting Jihad raid at Nakhla, a number of majorconfrontations—the battles of Badr (624), Ohud (625) and the Ditch (627)—took place between Muslims ofMedina and the idolaters of Mecca. These confrontations culminated in Muhammad’s conquest of Mecca in630. He took possession of the Meccans’ sacred idol-shrine of Ka’ba, destroyed the idol-gods therein andtransformed it into the sacred house of the Islamic God.125. Ibn Ishaq, p. 649126. Ibid, p. 20949
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ISLAMICJIHADA Legacy of Forced Conv
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Based on meticulous investigation o
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Islamic JihadPrefaceI was born and
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ContentsChapter I .................
Page 9: Islamic JihadOn Education and learn
Page 14 and 15: Jihad: The Controversies2-young Mus
Page 16 and 17: Jihad: The Controversies2-As violen
Page 18 and 19: 3-Basic Beliefs in IslamIslam is ba
Page 20 and 21: 3-Basic Beliefs in IslamDuring the
Page 22 and 23: Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Bi
Page 66 and 67: Propagation of Islam: By Force or P
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Propagation of Islam: By Force or P
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Chapter VThe Arab-Islamic Imperiali
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Islamic Jihad1. ‘And fight them (
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Islamic Jihada big chunk of its cro
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Islamic Jihadequality of men, justi
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Islamic Jihadon to say, it was only
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Islamic Jihadland-tax (kharaj) fixe
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Islamic Jihadnecessitated by the fa
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Islamic Jihadbecame Buddhists; in C
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Islamic JihadMuslims, by converting
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Islamic JihadLikewise, the Arab Chr
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Islamic Jihad1. Did Arabs and their
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Islamic Jihadboast of enriching Ind
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Islamic JihadSavages at a very low
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Islamic Jihadobsession for white wo
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Islamic Jihadraised revolts. It has
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Islamic Jihadimperialist. Although,
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Islamic Jihadhas caused devastating
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Chapter VIIslamic Imperialism in In
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Islamic Jihadlaments Ibn Warraq. Fo
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Islamic Jihadbeasts of prey. The tr
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Islamic Jihad4. Aurangzeb proceeded
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Islamic Jihadlarge numbers as a res
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Islamic JihadTo their credit, the I
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Islamic JihadWhereas among other na
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Islamic JihadIt is an extremely sig
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Islamic Jihadfound it ‘‘large a
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Islamic Jihadorthodox Hindu—Shiva
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Islamic JihadThe claim that a utopi
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Islamic JihadThe Sepoy Mutiny, in a
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Islamic JihadBritish Empire, the fo
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Islamic Jihadoutbreaks of religious
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Islamic Jihadthat mere threats will
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Islamic Jihadstarted by the support
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Islamic Jihaddays (of Islam in Arab
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Islamic JihadIn the towns and villa
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Islamic Jihadthe Police Station was
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Islamic Jihadrenewed, intensified v
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Islamic Jihadcases more than 85 per
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Islamic Jihadsciences and learning
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Islamic Jihadold environment, which
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Islamic Jihadeight more plundering
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Islamic Jihadcarried the heads of t
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Islamic JihadNo doubt there was som
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Islamic Jihadeconomic exploitation.
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Islamic Jihadrule, kind-hearted Jah
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Islamic JihadThe negative impact of
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Islamic Slaverybeings as a commodit
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Islamic SlaveryTHE PROPHETIC MODEL
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Islamic SlaveryAncient China. In an
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Islamic SlaveryDuring 715 to 1000 C
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Islamic SlaveryBihar, brought away
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Islamic Slaveryand marry them off d
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Islamic Slaverysuggest that the ens
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Islamic Slaveryten. In the assault
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Islamic Slavery‘The renowned king
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Islamic Slaverywomen and children,
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Islamic SlaveryThis is only an acco
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Islamic Slavery‘‘had her washed
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Islamic Slaveryattention, it killed
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Islamic Slavery85) built the famous
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Islamic Slaveryenslaved, but quite
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Islamic SlaveryEmployment in palace
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Islamic SlaveryTwo categories of wo
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Islamic Slavery‘‘I found myself
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Islamic SlaveryIt is noted already
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Islamic SlaveryAfter direct Muslim
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Islamic SlaveryAkbar were men of fo
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Islamic SlaveryThe most famous Euro
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Islamic SlaveryEUROPEAN SLAVE-TRADE
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Islamic Slaveryworld that continued
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Islamic SlaveryHumane treatment of
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Islamic Slaveryuntil the end of the
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Islamic Slaverybetween one and two
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Islamic Slaverythe death of 7,600 C
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Islamic SlaveryDisheartened by the
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Islamic Slaverydiplomatic duty in P
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Islamic Slaverynext morning, the ci
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Islamic SlaverySri Lanka, Egypt and
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Islamic SlaveryThree members of the
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The Last WordBeginning at the time
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The Last WordWe said (to non-Muslim
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The Last Word• Elst K (1993) Nega
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The Last Word• Rizvi SAA (1978) A
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IndexAmorium, 217, 241Amr, 28, 41,
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IndexHolocaust, 35Hubal, 10Hudaybiy
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IndexPhilippines, 100, 102, 103, 10
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