islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

Chapter VIIslamic Imperialism in India‘Swords flashed like lightning amid the blackness of clouds, and fountains of blood flowedlike the fall of setting star. The friends of God defeated their opponents… the Musalmanswreaked their vengeance on the infidel enemies of God, killing 15,000 of them… makingthem food of the beasts and birds of prey… God also bestowed upon his friends such anamount of booty as was beyond all bounds and calculations, including five hundredthousand slaves, beautiful men and women.’-- Sultan Mahmud’s minister al-Utbi on his campaign to India‘(Sultan) Mahmud utterly ruined the prosperity of the country and performed therewonderful exploits, by which the Hindus became like atoms of dust scattered in alldirection… This is the reason, too, why Hindu sciences have retired far away from thoseparts of the country conquered by us, and have fled to places which our hands cannot yetreach, to Kashmir, Benaras, and other places.’-- Alberuni, Great Muslim scholar and scientist, d. 1050‘The Hindu women and children went out begging at the doors of the Musalmans.’-- Egyptian Sufi saint Shamsuddin Turk on Sultan Alauddin’s crushing exploitation ofHindusThe history of the Indian subcontinent since early eighth to the mid-twentieth century was characterized bytwo consecutive foreign rules: Islamic and British. The Islamic invasion and rule started with Muhammad binQasim’s capture of Sindh in 712 and officially ended after the Sepoy Mutiny in 1857. The British colonialoccupation, in effect, started in 1757 and ended in 1947. 426Directed by governor of Baghdad Hajjaj bin Yusuf and blessed by Caliph al-Walid of Damascus,Qasim inaugurated the Islamic conquest and rule of India in 712. Muslim rulers finally achieved near-totalcontrol of India in the 1590s under Mughal Emperor Akbar. The Muslim control of India expanded a bitfurther under Aurangzeb (1658–1707). The defeat of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal by Britishmercenaries of the East India Company in the Battle of Plassey in 1757 signaled the beginning of the end ofthe Islamic rule. When Tipu Sultan of Mysore—the last independent Muslim ruler—was defeated in 1799,Muslim rule in India effectively ended. Most parts of India came under de facto British control with the426. Some coastal parts of India, such as Goa, also came under Portuguese control in the sixteenth century.