islamic-jihad-legacy-of-forced-conversion-imperialism-slavery

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Propagation of Islam: By Force or Peacefully?Godless Umayyads, upon the conquest of Sindh in India, came across too great a number of recalcitrantPolytheists to put to the sword. Generally lax in enforcing Muhammad’s religion and more interest in inflatingthe treasury from taxes, they, instead, spared the great multitude of India’s Polytheists to use them as thesource of revenue. Therefore, they elevated them into the category of dhimmi subjects in violation of theQuran [9:5]. The dhimmis were generally subjected to extreme degradation and humiliation socially, andexploitation economically, which acted as a huge coercive inducement for them to embrace Islam. The Pact ofOmar, promulgated by the second caliph of Islam (some authors attribute it to Caliph Omar II, r. 717–20),outlines the general treatment meted out to dhimmi subjects under Islamic rule.The Pact of Omar: This pact is quoted in Kitab ul-Umm (Mother of Books) of Imam Shafi’i, thefounder of the Shafi’i School of Islamic laws. After the Arabs overran Syria, this agreement was signedbetween Caliph Omar and the Christian chief of Syria, under the Caliph’s dictation. It demands a completeand humiliating subjugation of dhimmis to Muslim rule, that they pay discriminatory taxes as a symbol oftheir lowly status, and suffer many other degrading and dehumanizing socio-political disabilities. CaliphOmar sent a letter to the patriarch of Syria setting the terms of their subjection to Islam, the salient points ofwhich were as follows: 201‘I, and all Muslims, promise you and your fellow Christians security as long as you keep theconditions upon you, which are:1. You shall be under Muslim laws and no other, and shall not refuge to do anything wedemand of you.2. If any of you say anything about the Prophet, his religion and the Quran what is unfitting,he is debarred from the protection of Allah, the commander of the Faithful and all Muslims.The condition on which security was given will be annulled and your life will be outside thepale of law.3. If one of you commits fornication with or marries a Muslim woman, or robs a Muslim onthe high way, or turns a Muslim from his religion, or helps their enemies or shelters a spy,he has broken the agreement, and his life and property is without the law.4. He who commits lesser harm than this to the goods and honor of a Muslim shall bepunished.5. We shall watch your dealing with the Muslims, and if you have done anything unlawful fora Muslim, we shall undo it and punish you.6. If you or other unbelievers ask for judgment, we shall give it according to the Muslim law.7. You shall not display in any Muslim town the crosses, nor parade your idolatry, nor build achurch or place of assembly for your prayer, nor beat the Nakus (church bell), nor use youridolatrous language about Jesus, the son of Mary (i.e., Jesus is the son of God), to anyMuslim.8. You shall wear the zunnar (cloth belt) above all your clothes (as a distinguishing mark),which must not be hidden.9. You shall use peculiar saddles and manners of riding and make your kalansuwas (cap)different from those of the Muslims by a mark you put on them.10. You shall not take the crest of the road, nor the chief seat in the assemblies when Muslimsare present.201. Triton, p. 12–2478
Islamic Jihad11. Every free adult male of sound mind shall pay poll-tax (jizyah), one dinar of full weight, atnew year. He shall not leave his town till he has paid.12. A poor man is liable for his own jizyah till it is paid; poverty does not cancel yourobligation to pay the jizyah, nor abrogate the protection given to you. If you have anything,we shall take it. Jizyah is the only burden as long as you live and travel in the Muslim land,except as merchants.13. You may not enter Mecca under any conditions. If you travel with merchandise, you mustpay one-tenth to the Muslims. You may go wherever you like except Mecca. You can stayin Muslim land except the Hedjaz (Hejaz), where you may stay only three days till youdepart.’These were the standard terms that must be imposed upon Jews and Christians (also on Polytheists incountries under Hanafi laws) in an ideal Islamic state. The terms in the Pact of Omar for dealing withdhimmis is clearly in agreement with the sanction of Allah [Quran 9:29] and prophetic tradition. Therefore,the Pact of Omar, wrote Abu Yusuf, the great eighth-century Hanafi jurist, ‘stands till the day ofresurrection.’ 202 The Jews and Christians (also Hindus in India), who were rightfully the free-spirited andhonorable people in their own homeland, now had to bear this crushingly humiliating and exploitingsubjection to Muslim invaders. It is not hard to imagine the psychological pressure such treatments wouldcreate on them to convert to Islam.Jizyah and humiliation: The practice of imposing jizyah on dhimmi subjects will give one a clearidea of the social degradation they faced in Muslim states. The payment of jizyah was not like writing away acheck or sending money to the collector’s office. Instead, the dhimmi, demands Allah, must ‘pay the jizyahwith willing submission, and feel themselves subdued (humiliated)’ in the process [Quran 9:29]. Paying jizyahin "willing submission" and "humiliation" meant that it had to be paid according to a demeaning protocol thatwould engender such an impact on the dhimmi. The great Islamic commentator al-Zamakhshari (d. 1144)interprets the Quranic verse 9:29 on jizyah payment as thus: 203‘The jizyah shall be taken from them with belittlement and humiliation. (The dhimmi) shall comein person, walking not riding. When he pays, he shall stand, while the tax-collector sits. Thecollector shall seize him by the scruff of the neck, shake him and say: ‘Pay the jizyah!’ and whenhe pays it, he shall be slapped on the nape of his neck.’The famous sixteenth-century Egyptian Sufi scholar ash-Sharani describes the ritual of jizyah payment in hisKitab al-Mizan as thus: 204‘The dhimmi, Christian or Jew, goes on a fixed day in person to the emir appointed to receive thepoll-tax (jizyah). He sits on a high throne. The dhimmi appears before him, offering the toll-taxon his open palm. The emir takes it so that his hand is on top and the dhimmi’s below. Then theemir gives him a blow on the neck, and who stands, before the emir drives him roughly away…The public is admitted to see this show.’Let us have a look at how these standard theories were applied in India. Emperor Aurangzeb, havingreimposed jizyah (earlier abolished by apostate Akbar in 1564) on the Hindus in 1679, promulgated thefollowing protocol for the payment of jizyah:202. Ibid, p. 37203. Ibn Warraq, p. 228–29204. Triton, p. 22779
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ISLAMICJIHADA Legacy of Forced Conv
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Based on meticulous investigation o
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Islamic JihadPrefaceI was born and
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ContentsChapter I .................
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Islamic JihadOn Education and learn
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Jihad: The Controversies2-young Mus
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Jihad: The Controversies2-As violen
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3-Basic Beliefs in IslamIslam is ba
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3-Basic Beliefs in IslamDuring the
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Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Bi
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Page 40 and 41: Life of Prophet Muhammad and the Bi
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Page 127 and 128: Islamic Jihada big chunk of its cro
Page 129 and 130: Islamic Jihadequality of men, justi
Page 131 and 132: Islamic Jihadon to say, it was only
Page 133 and 134: Islamic Jihadland-tax (kharaj) fixe
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Page 137 and 138: Islamic Jihadbecame Buddhists; in C
Page 139 and 140: Islamic JihadMuslims, by converting
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Islamic JihadLikewise, the Arab Chr
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Islamic Jihad1. Did Arabs and their
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Islamic Jihadboast of enriching Ind
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Islamic JihadSavages at a very low
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Islamic Jihadobsession for white wo
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Islamic Jihadraised revolts. It has
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Islamic Jihadimperialist. Although,
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Islamic Jihadhas caused devastating
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Chapter VIIslamic Imperialism in In
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Islamic Jihadlaments Ibn Warraq. Fo
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Islamic Jihadbeasts of prey. The tr
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Islamic Jihad4. Aurangzeb proceeded
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Islamic Jihadlarge numbers as a res
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Islamic JihadTo their credit, the I
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Islamic JihadWhereas among other na
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Islamic JihadIt is an extremely sig
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Islamic Jihadfound it ‘‘large a
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Islamic Jihadorthodox Hindu—Shiva
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Islamic JihadThe claim that a utopi
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Islamic JihadThe Sepoy Mutiny, in a
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Islamic JihadBritish Empire, the fo
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Islamic Jihadoutbreaks of religious
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Islamic Jihadthat mere threats will
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Islamic Jihadstarted by the support
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Islamic Jihaddays (of Islam in Arab
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Islamic JihadIn the towns and villa
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Islamic Jihadthe Police Station was
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Islamic Jihadrenewed, intensified v
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Islamic Jihadcases more than 85 per
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Islamic Jihadsciences and learning
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Islamic Jihadold environment, which
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Islamic Jihadeight more plundering
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Islamic Jihadcarried the heads of t
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Islamic JihadNo doubt there was som
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Islamic Jihadeconomic exploitation.
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Islamic Jihadrule, kind-hearted Jah
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Islamic JihadThe negative impact of
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Islamic Slaverybeings as a commodit
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Islamic SlaveryTHE PROPHETIC MODEL
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Islamic SlaveryAncient China. In an
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Islamic SlaveryDuring 715 to 1000 C
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Islamic SlaveryBihar, brought away
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Islamic Slaveryand marry them off d
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Islamic Slaverysuggest that the ens
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Islamic Slaveryten. In the assault
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Islamic Slavery‘The renowned king
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Islamic Slaverywomen and children,
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Islamic SlaveryThis is only an acco
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Islamic Slavery‘‘had her washed
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Islamic Slaveryattention, it killed
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Islamic Slavery85) built the famous
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Islamic Slaveryenslaved, but quite
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Islamic SlaveryEmployment in palace
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Islamic SlaveryTwo categories of wo
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Islamic Slavery‘‘I found myself
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Islamic SlaveryIt is noted already
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Islamic SlaveryAfter direct Muslim
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Islamic SlaveryAkbar were men of fo
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Islamic SlaveryThe most famous Euro
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Islamic SlaveryEUROPEAN SLAVE-TRADE
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Islamic Slaveryworld that continued
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Islamic SlaveryHumane treatment of
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Islamic Slaveryuntil the end of the
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Islamic Slaverybetween one and two
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Islamic Slaverythe death of 7,600 C
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Islamic SlaveryDisheartened by the
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Islamic Slaverydiplomatic duty in P
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Islamic Slaverynext morning, the ci
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Islamic SlaverySri Lanka, Egypt and
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Islamic SlaveryThree members of the
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The Last WordBeginning at the time
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The Last WordWe said (to non-Muslim
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The Last Word• Elst K (1993) Nega
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The Last Word• Rizvi SAA (1978) A
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IndexAmorium, 217, 241Amr, 28, 41,
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IndexHolocaust, 35Hubal, 10Hudaybiy
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IndexPhilippines, 100, 102, 103, 10
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