victorian electric vehicle trial mid-term report - Department of Transport

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ECONOMIC,ENVIRONMENTALAND SOCIAL IMPACTSAs part of the VictorianElectric Vehicle Trial, ananalysis of the economic,environmental andsocial impacts of electricvehicle adoption in thestate of Victoria hasbeen undertaken.
The economic analysis hasexamined the likely costsand benefits to the Stateunder a range of scenariosup to 2040. It has identifiedkey influences on theoutcomes, along with timingfor various milestones in themarket development.The environmental impactsassessment has included acomprehensive investigation ofthe lifecycle impacts of electricvehicle production, operation anddisposal in Victoria. It has sought anunderstanding of the main issuesinfluencing environmental impacts,and determined pathways to securethe best environmental outcomes.The trial has been used as a test-casefor management of the environmentalimpacts, and guidance has beendeveloped for Victorian EV operators.An understanding of the social impactsfrom EV uptake has been soughtin terms of employment benefitsalong with education and trainingneeds. Opportunities for the Victorianeconomy in terms of research, designand development have been collated.Measures to protect and enhancecommunity safety have been identifiedand are being progressed through acollaborative process.6.1 ECONOMIC IMPACTS6.1.1 How have the economicimpacts been assessed?The case for or against electric vehiclesin Victoria will depend to a large extentupon the economic implications forthe State. In recognition of this, theformer Department of Transportcommissioned consultants AECOMin mid-2010 to undertake economicmodelling of future EV uptake inVictoria (AECOM 2011).The economic model directly calculateslikely take-up rates of electric vehiclesusing known data and industry inputabout the relative importance ofdifferent criteria in shaping consumerpurchasing decisions. The benefits ofthis approach are two-fold:(i) It avoids use of assumptions abouttake-up of vehicles based upon pastbehaviour – this is a new market forwhich little information of this type isavailable; and(ii) By directly estimating take-up, itis possible to consider the impactof various potential sensitivitiesaround prices (such as, electricityprices, fuel prices, vehicle prices)and how these affect take-up.The analysis considers three scenariosagainst the base case, reflectingavailability of electric vehicles andcharging infrastructure. The basecase assumes that only conventionalvehicles are available, including ICEVsand HEVs. The three comparisonscenarios investigate the levels ofPHEV and BEV take-up under marketconditions that vary as follows:• Scenario 1 – assumes that there ishousehold charging available only• Scenario 2 – assumes there isenhanced household chargingrelative to Scenario 1, and publiccharging available in the Victorianmetropolitan region• Scenario 3 – same as forScenario 2 with the addition ofelectric vehicle service stationsthat offer battery-swap or fastchargecapability.The analysis:• Looks at small, medium andlarge passenger vehicles, taxisand light-commercial vehiclesbeing used in the Victorianmetropolitan region (that is,Melbourne plus regional centres).Passenger vehicle use was furthersegmented according to how manykilometres vehicles travel eachyear. This approach recognisesthe differences in capital costs,operating costs and payback ratesfor each technology choice relativeto a conventional vehicle• Includes consideration of vehicleprices, fuel and electricity prices(including carbon price impacts)along with other vehicle operatingcosts, vehicle supply constraints,discount rates, emissions impacts,and consumer acceptance criteria• Provides an estimate of the neteconomic impacts over a 30-yearperiod from 2010 to 2040.CREATING A MARKET 99
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CREATINGA MARKETVICTORIAN ELECTRICV
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Measures which reduce electriccar p
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5.4 Public charging 815.4.1 How muc
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The trial is a $5 millioninitiative
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In 2012, Mitsubishi, Nissan,and Hol
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2.4 HOW DOES ELECTRIC VEHICLECHARGI
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Meter, Switch orDistribution BoardD
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It has brought together allthe piec
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Commercial negotiations and astruct
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TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION CASE STUDYMOBIL
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RACV considers electricvehicles to
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What we need from you: The particip
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Information gained fromthe cars has
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Alongside differences in utilisatio
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Evidence suggests that while purcha
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This sort of functionality is expec
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4.1.5 What about electriccommercial
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A clearly positive influence on peo
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Having to make these considerations
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Analysis of the vehicle monitoringd
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4.2.4 How much does it costfor an a
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Experience from overseas suggeststh
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In terms of who drives the decision
Page 47 and 48: Despite this relative under-utilisa
Page 49 and 50: Within the traditional fleet assetm
Page 51 and 52: CORPORATE CHARGING NETWORK CASE STU
Page 53 and 54: Nearly 140 household, fleetand publ
Page 55 and 56: The trial charging infrastructure v
Page 57 and 58: Through these efforts, trial partic
Page 59 and 60: To support trip planning and rangem
Page 61 and 62: 5.2 HOME CHARGING5.2.1 How much doe
Page 63 and 64: The general process for the househo
Page 65 and 66: Although this outcome was a success
Page 67 and 68: The appeal of a financial incentive
Page 69 and 70: 5.2.5 What do households thinkof el
Page 71 and 72: It provides guidance on the allocat
Page 73 and 74: An example of this was theDepartmen
Page 75 and 76: Based upon the trial experience, th
Page 77 and 78: WORKPLACE CHARGING CASE STUDYVICTOR
Page 79 and 80: Workplace charging appears to be ak
Page 81 and 82: One scenario of particular interest
Page 83 and 84: Cost data obtained from various sit
Page 85 and 86: PUBLIC CHARGING CASE STUDYON-STREET
Page 87 and 88: Household participants were askedab
Page 89 and 90: The following quote supplied to the
Page 91 and 92: Despite these challenging figuresan
Page 93 and 94: According to theory (Lieberman andM
Page 95 and 96: The pushback by parking operatorsag
Page 97: There’s a lot to like aboutincrea
Page 101 and 102: Under a ‘mid-range’ scenario as
Page 103 and 104: 6.1.3 What are the costs andbenefit
Page 105 and 106: 6.2 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS6.2.1 How
Page 107 and 108: Based upon the limited informationa
Page 109 and 110: 6.3 SOCIAL IMPACTS6.3.1 How is comm
Page 111 and 112: A key challenge for many electricve
Page 113 and 114: The effectiveness ofthese initiativ
Page 115 and 116: The supplementary data andinteracti
Page 117 and 118: EV PROMOTION CASE STUDYELECTRIC CAR
Page 119 and 120: In addition to the EV School progra
Page 121 and 122: 7.1.4 How has the local electricveh
Page 123 and 124: 7.2 INSIGHTS7.2.1 How do we best te
Page 125 and 126: ISSUES ANDOPPORTUNITIESA significan
Page 127 and 128: Issue Classification Sections Oppor
Page 129 and 130: Issue Classification Sections Oppor
Page 131 and 132: Drawing upon the learnings acquired
Page 133 and 134: ACRONYMS,GLOSSARY ANDUNITS OF MEASU
Page 135 and 136: OPEC - Organisation of the Petroleu
Page 137 and 138: Actew AGL 2009, History of mobile p
Page 139 and 140: Ergon 2012, Pool pump connections,
Page 141 and 142: Smart Grid News 2012, Aussie firm u
Page 143 and 144: EntityChargingInfrastructureHostCha
Page 145 and 146: APPENDIX BEVS AND FLEETS 2012 PRACT
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX CCHARGING OUTLET ATTRIBUTE
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Area Attribute DefinitionBilling /
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APPENDIX EEV CHARGING COURTESY SIGN
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