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IntroductionThe spectrum of the social sciencesTerminologyScience and researchExampleA research modelConceptsHypothesesObservationA comparison between qualitative and quantitativeapproachesConceptsHypothesesObservationFree download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaConfidentially speaking …Example AExample BConceptsHypothesesObservationImplicationsWidthHeightDepthConclusionSuggestions of further reading
CHAPTER 7PERSPECTIVES ON QUALITATIVE ANDQUANTITATIVE RESEARCHFree download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaINTRODUCTIONOf the many characteristics which people have attributed to the scientist, acritical and inquisitive attitude is probably the most noticeable. The scientistrefuses to accept things at face value — at least in his or her own field ofspecialization. It has been said while art is characterized by the suspension ofdisbelief, science is characterized by the suspension of belief (belief in thiscase implying a blind acceptance without any argument). This implies that thescientist will also adopt a critical and evaluative stance with regard to his or herown approaches and methods of work. It would, therefore, also necessarilyfollow that in the social sciences, where the boundaries are less clearly drawn(for example between them and the arts), where an unusually wide and diversespectrum of activities is included (ranging, for example, from philosophy at theone extreme to psycho-physiology at the other) one is likely to encounter acontinuous debate on the nature and essence of research.This debate is frequently characterized by a cyclic pattern in which issues thatwere heatedly debated at some time in the past, and which are left more or lesson their own for a period of time, may once again become the focus ofattention, resulting in further debate, analysis, and speculation. Some of thetypes of disputes and questions that frequently figure in discussions on researchmethodology in the social sciences are:• Is it possible to measure social phenomena?153
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HSRC SERIES IN METHODOLOGYSeries Ed
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All rights reserved. No part of thi
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PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
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Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac
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important methods of operationalizi
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Introduction: The scientific langua
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inevitably be found in the discipli
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At the project level, three general
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FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
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context of a particular research tr
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Introduction: Social sciences resea
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all the factors which may pose a th
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(3) Conceptualization and operation
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negative influence on the person’
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CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
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to indicate a causal relationship b
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flict with a point of view in which
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Our discussion of problem formulati
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IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
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ductivism, refers to the belief tha
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Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
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manifestations of alienation, it ou
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found between theoretical and conce
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IntroductionSources of data, reacti
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that they have tradition, culture,
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categories. Finally, the research c
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affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
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pectancy effects was conducted by R
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ticipant’s perception of his or h
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(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
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We have, in an earlier section, dra
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example of the double blind experim
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CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
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IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
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Coloured youths were fatally wounde
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Page 122 and 123: multivariate techniques are much mo
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Page 176 and 177: ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
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particular outpatient centre experi
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3. METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGYSymbolic
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the organisation). Secondly, a larg
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tations of the subjects; it is conc
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Although costly, videotaping of the
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16. First half of 1981.17. Gold (19
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2. How is value-orientation defined
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in practice. In contrast, pragmatis
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ian style of management result in l
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Quality of supervision of stoping g
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TABLE IIIANALYSIS OF VARIANCE FOR M
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FIGURE 2 — SECOND ORDER INTERACTI
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A further consideration in the choi
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gangs with supervision that was ass
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percentage of transfers not being m
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for all the relevant factors. Discu
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WHITE, V.P. (ed.). 1983. Grant prop
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connotation 58ff, 126ff- convention
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hermeneutics 21heuristic function,
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Naive inductivism 57naturalistic re
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esearcher image 82-83researcher ori
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