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connotation 58ff, 126ff- conventional 58, 127- subjective 58, 126-127constitutive definition, see theoretical definitionconstruct 60, 127, 160construct validity 67ffconstructive replication 96content analysis 66, 97context effect 81, 89-90, 92, 120contextual research strategy 49ff, 121contextual validity 15contract research 36-37control 76ff, 159control group 93, 94conventional connotation 127Cook, TD & Campbell, DT 94correlational studies 44covert research 93-94Crane, D 9criterion validity 67-68cross-sectional studies 40, 41Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaData sources 76ff, 121, 193Davis, K 35Dean’s social alienation scale 65ffdeduction 30, 107ffdeductive inference, see deductiondeductive strategy 103, 111ff, 116definition 125, 131ff- see also operational definition, theoretical definitiondenotation 58ff, 126ffDenzin, NK 70, 91Descartes, R 14description 44descriptive research 14descriptive studies 43-44determinism 47diachronic studies, see longitudinal studiesdifferential reactivity 77direct observation 77- see also participant observation, systematic observationdisciplinary perspective 18262
discipline- intellectual climate of 20ff- market of intellectual resources 22ffdocumentary sources 77Douglas, JD 82Ecological fallacy 41-42empirical evidence 5empircial research 57enumerative induction 114ffepistemic claims 4, 131epistemology 4, 14ff, 16, 19ethnographic design 122ethnomethodology 75evaluation studies 45evidence 104- relevant evidence 108- sufficient evidence 105, 108expectancy effect 85ff, 94experimental studies 47, 78, 85, 93, 94, 116, 168explanatory studies 14, 19, 43, 45-46, 48exploratory studies 14, 19, 43external validity 51, 114, 118ff, 122Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaFactor analysis 69fffallibilist thesis 31falsification 14, 163Feuerbach 60field design 121, 122Gender effect 80, 83-84general research strategy 48ff, 121generalizability, see external validityGiere, RN 135Gorrell, J 138, 141ffgrantmanship 176guinea pig effect 86Hägstrom, WO 10Hatchet, S & Schuman, H 83Hawthorne effect 86Hegel 60263
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HSRC SERIES IN METHODOLOGYSeries Ed
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All rights reserved. No part of thi
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PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
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Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac
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important methods of operationalizi
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Introduction: The scientific langua
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inevitably be found in the discipli
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At the project level, three general
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FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
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context of a particular research tr
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Introduction: Social sciences resea
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all the factors which may pose a th
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(3) Conceptualization and operation
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negative influence on the person’
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CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
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to indicate a causal relationship b
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flict with a point of view in which
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Our discussion of problem formulati
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IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
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ductivism, refers to the belief tha
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Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
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manifestations of alienation, it ou
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found between theoretical and conce
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IntroductionSources of data, reacti
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that they have tradition, culture,
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categories. Finally, the research c
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affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
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pectancy effects was conducted by R
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ticipant’s perception of his or h
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(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
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We have, in an earlier section, dra
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example of the double blind experim
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CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
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IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
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Coloured youths were fatally wounde
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ehaving violently towards some of t
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multivariate techniques are much mo
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tial validity. A closer inspection
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validity (as a rule we will not use
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CONTEXT EFFECTSIs it reasonable to
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analysis, text analysis, and case s
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IntroductionConceptsStatementsConno
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The schematic representation also g
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DICHOTOMOUS, POLYTOMIC AND CONTINUO
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People therefore, depending upon th
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higher than the mean scores on meth
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Source ofinformation Sender Recipie
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of the modellandum which are deemed
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phenomena or variables and, for thi
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i.e. from a collection of mutually
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system, the Aristotelian theory of
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IntroductionThe spectrum of the soc
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• How do scientist study underlyi
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the scope is more likely to be unde
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A number of comments will serve to
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ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
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A research report is usually a logi
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to be found between qualitative and
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at which people are placed towards
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The different levels can probably b
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proach should be canonized and anot
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Goals of this chapterIntroductory r
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is written, the wise researcher wou
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Some of the characteristics that ar
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falls within more than one discipli
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earlier on. The aim of the project,
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Example 3Title of projectAtlas of l
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IntroductionThe context of reportin
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METATHEORETICAL GUIDEIINESIt is gen
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the researcher’s views, insuffici
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Suggestions for further reading:Bes
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2. THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONMedical s
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particular outpatient centre experi
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3. METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGYSymbolic
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the organisation). Secondly, a larg
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Page 232 and 233: tations of the subjects; it is conc
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Page 248 and 249: 2. How is value-orientation defined
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Page 280 and 281: hermeneutics 21heuristic function,
Page 282 and 283: Naive inductivism 57naturalistic re
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