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Naive inductivism 57naturalistic research, see qualitative researchNeo-Marxism 21nomothetic research strategy 48ff, 50- see also general research strategynormal science 145-147normative beings 76Objectivity 16, 194observation 158ff- qualitative and quantitative 159ff, 164ff- see also participant observation, systematic observationobservation effects 81ff, 157- see also context effects, measurement effects,researcher effects, participant effectsomniscience syndrome 87operational definition 60, 132ff, 162- see also operationalizationoperational specificity 158ffoperationalization 22, 25, 64ff, 72Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaParadigm 12, 19, 30, 144ffpardigm programme 125participant effects 81, 86ffparticipant motivation 88participant observation 92, 93, 96, 160, 164, 165period effect 120phenomenology 26, 164, 175philosophy of science 71-72philosophy of the social sciences 12, 21physical sources 77planning a research project 175Popper, K 14, 15, 25, 29ff, 31, 57-58, 71, 134positivism 21, 30precursive theoretical models 141predictive research 14, 45predictive validity 67ffpresupposition 192probability 15problem formulation 24, 37ff, 57ff, 192project perspective 18project report 189projective techniques 77propositions 131ff- see also definition hypothesis266
Putnam, H 15Qualitative content 122qualitative research 24, 144, 57, 155ffquantitative research 24, 144, 57, 155ffquasi-experimental studies 47, 94questionnaires 96, 160Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaRace effects 83Radnitzky, G 20ff, 26randomization 94rapport 92rational explanation 143rationality 16, 29ff, 53, 75, 78Ravetz, JR 189reactivity 76ff, 97realism 21reductionism 42reductionist 42reference, see denotationreliability 79ffresearch- breath dimension 168ff- depth dimension 168ff- height dimension 168ffresearch communities, 10research design 16, 31, 32, 53, 122, 193research design, typology of 121ffresearch domain 12ffresearch ethics 10research goals 42research hypothesis 134, 192research process 23ffresearch programme, see paradigm programmeresearch proposal 175ffresearch report 189, 193ff- meta-theoretical guidelines 192- methodological guidelines 192-195- technical guidelines 195- theoretical guidelines 191research strategy 42, 48ffresearch tender, see research proposalresearch theme 24, 34ff, 53-55, 179ffresearch-participant distance 83-84researcher affiliation 81-82researcher effect 81ff267
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HSRC SERIES IN METHODOLOGYSeries Ed
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All rights reserved. No part of thi
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PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
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Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac
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important methods of operationalizi
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Introduction: The scientific langua
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inevitably be found in the discipli
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At the project level, three general
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FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
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context of a particular research tr
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Introduction: Social sciences resea
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all the factors which may pose a th
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(3) Conceptualization and operation
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negative influence on the person’
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CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
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to indicate a causal relationship b
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flict with a point of view in which
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Our discussion of problem formulati
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IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
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ductivism, refers to the belief tha
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Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
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manifestations of alienation, it ou
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found between theoretical and conce
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IntroductionSources of data, reacti
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that they have tradition, culture,
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categories. Finally, the research c
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affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
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pectancy effects was conducted by R
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ticipant’s perception of his or h
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(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
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We have, in an earlier section, dra
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example of the double blind experim
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CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
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IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
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Coloured youths were fatally wounde
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ehaving violently towards some of t
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multivariate techniques are much mo
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tial validity. A closer inspection
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validity (as a rule we will not use
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CONTEXT EFFECTSIs it reasonable to
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analysis, text analysis, and case s
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IntroductionConceptsStatementsConno
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The schematic representation also g
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DICHOTOMOUS, POLYTOMIC AND CONTINUO
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People therefore, depending upon th
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higher than the mean scores on meth
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Source ofinformation Sender Recipie
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of the modellandum which are deemed
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phenomena or variables and, for thi
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i.e. from a collection of mutually
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system, the Aristotelian theory of
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IntroductionThe spectrum of the soc
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• How do scientist study underlyi
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the scope is more likely to be unde
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A number of comments will serve to
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ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
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A research report is usually a logi
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to be found between qualitative and
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at which people are placed towards
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The different levels can probably b
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proach should be canonized and anot
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Goals of this chapterIntroductory r
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is written, the wise researcher wou
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Some of the characteristics that ar
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falls within more than one discipli
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earlier on. The aim of the project,
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Example 3Title of projectAtlas of l
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IntroductionThe context of reportin
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METATHEORETICAL GUIDEIINESIt is gen
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the researcher’s views, insuffici
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Suggestions for further reading:Bes
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2. THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONMedical s
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particular outpatient centre experi
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3. METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGYSymbolic
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the organisation). Secondly, a larg
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