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in practice. In contrast, pragmatism elevates practicability to thelevel of a primary requirement of all objectives.XVI. Planning — Laissez-faire (Goal Achievement/Involvement)Planning emphasises systematic advance arrangements. Laissezfairedenies that matters have to be planned in order to besuccessful.29. Smelser, N.J. 1963. Theory of collective behavior.Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za236
APPENDIX 3HUMAN FACTORS IN STOPE PRODUCTIVITY — A FIELDEXPERIMENTJKF Mauer and AC LawrenceFree download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaSYNOPSISAn experiment in which three human variables were manipulated in eightstopes was conducted in a gold mine over a period of roughly six months.The three variables, which each had two levels, concerned the degree ofmovement from gangs, the quality of the black production supervisors, andthe extent to which gangs were composed of a single ethnic group(Malawians). Time was included as a variable with three levels in theanalysis of the findings. On the average, stable gangs produced 12 per centmore than gangs with a high percentage of transfers, gangs with betterproduction supervisors were more successful by nearly 9 per cent thanthose with poorer production supervisors, and homogeneous gangs weremore productive than heterogeneous ones by as much as 15 per cent. Inaddition, it was found that a number of the variables exercised a jointinfluence on stope productivity and that the effects of the variables wereaccentuated by the length of time they had been in operation.INTRODUCTIONA good deal of research has revealed the presence of significant correlationbetween various human factors and work performance. Although such findingsare useful in identifying those human factors that play a part in workperformance, two considerations limit their practical utility. Firstly, the causeand effect relationship is not always clear. For example, does an authorita-237
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HSRC SERIES IN METHODOLOGYSeries Ed
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All rights reserved. No part of thi
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PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
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important methods of operationalizi
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Introduction: The scientific langua
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inevitably be found in the discipli
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At the project level, three general
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FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
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context of a particular research tr
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Introduction: Social sciences resea
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all the factors which may pose a th
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(3) Conceptualization and operation
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negative influence on the person’
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CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
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to indicate a causal relationship b
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flict with a point of view in which
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Our discussion of problem formulati
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IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
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ductivism, refers to the belief tha
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Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
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manifestations of alienation, it ou
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found between theoretical and conce
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IntroductionSources of data, reacti
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that they have tradition, culture,
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categories. Finally, the research c
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affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
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pectancy effects was conducted by R
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ticipant’s perception of his or h
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(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
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We have, in an earlier section, dra
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example of the double blind experim
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CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
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IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
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Coloured youths were fatally wounde
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ehaving violently towards some of t
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multivariate techniques are much mo
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tial validity. A closer inspection
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validity (as a rule we will not use
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CONTEXT EFFECTSIs it reasonable to
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analysis, text analysis, and case s
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IntroductionConceptsStatementsConno
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The schematic representation also g
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DICHOTOMOUS, POLYTOMIC AND CONTINUO
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People therefore, depending upon th
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higher than the mean scores on meth
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Source ofinformation Sender Recipie
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of the modellandum which are deemed
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phenomena or variables and, for thi
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i.e. from a collection of mutually
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system, the Aristotelian theory of
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IntroductionThe spectrum of the soc
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• How do scientist study underlyi
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the scope is more likely to be unde
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A number of comments will serve to
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ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
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A research report is usually a logi
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to be found between qualitative and
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at which people are placed towards
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The different levels can probably b
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proach should be canonized and anot
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Goals of this chapterIntroductory r
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is written, the wise researcher wou
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Some of the characteristics that ar
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falls within more than one discipli
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earlier on. The aim of the project,
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