Download - HSRC Press

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Although costly, videotaping of the social action in the setting would havebeen a useful observational and analytical tool, especially for retrospectivelyrating interactions to check out hypotheses not formulated initially.QUESTIONS1. What are the author’s main points of criticism of positivism?2. It is sometimes claimed that qualitative research does not involve theformulation of hypotheses. Is this true of this study? Discuss.3. Describe how the author integrated a theoretical approach with herempirical study.4. How did the author implement Denzin’s guidelines regardingtriangulation?5. Qualitative research usually involves taking an insider’s point of view.Discuss in what way this is true of Ferreira’s study.6. Describe briefly how participant observation was employed in the study.7. Discuss the process by which an interview guide was developed to suit thepurposes of this study.8. The overall aim of data-collection is to obtain reliable data. List theprecautions taken by the author in this study in order to ensure a highdegree of reliability.Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaNOTES1. This chapter is based on an unpublished dissertation for the MA degree inSociology, entitled “A sociological analysis of medical encounters of agedpersons at an outpatient center”, submitted to the University of SouthAfrica in 1982.2. The term “humanistic” is used here to differentiate between “qualitative”and “quantitative” modes of knowing, emphasising the researcher’sattempt to understand the subjects in terms of their own construction ofsocial reality. This implies a different anthropological position to that ofpositivism. See Hughes (1980).3. References are given as representative examples.220
Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za4. According to the traditional trilogy, there are three models of patient care:custodial, classical and rehabilitative. Each model involves a set ofassumptions regarding the disease process, goals for caring for patientsand some expectations for the role of the patient (cf. Coe 1978: 311-316).5. According to Mead (1934), society is made up of individuals who haveselves. Society shapes the formation of the individual self and theindividual is also the creator of society. For Mead, the essence of the selfis reflexive; the individual is only such in relation to others.6. Cooley (1902) sees the development of the self deriving from interactionof the individual with others. An individual’s consciousness of himself is areflection of the ideas that others have of him which the individualascribes to the thoughts of others. Cooley uses the concept of the“looking-glass self” to illustrate the reflexive nature of the self.7. W.I. Thomas (1931) sees action in a situation as consisting of threeinterrelated elements: (i) objective conditions which include sociallyenforced rules of behaviour; (ii) pre-existing attitudes of the individualand the group, and (iii) the definition of the situation by the actor,influenced by the cultural and social definitions of the group.8. Thomas (in Thomas, Znaniecki 1928: 578) states that this subjective factorcan never be discounted in social analysis for “... If men define situationsas real they are real in their consequences”.9. In his dramaturgical approach, Goffman (1959,1961,1962,1963,1967,1971) focuses on descriptions of face-to-face interaction in ordinarysituations, and analyses the protection and destruction of self-images.10. See Ferreira (1982: 47-75) for a full exposition of the development of thetheoretical perspective for the investigation.11. “Patient world” as opposed to “provider world”. “World” in this senserefers to the background, attitudes and social support systems of eachgroup. See Weinberger et al. (1982).12. See Ferreira (1982: 76-78, 84-91) for a fuller exposition of thedevelopment of the methodological base for the investigation.13. Ideas put forward on the nature of the qualitative research paradigm derivefrom those of Filstead (ed.) 1970; Fletcher 1971; Douglas (ed.) 1974;Filstead, in Cook, Reichardt (eds.) 1979: 33-48; Reichardt, Cook, in Cook,Reichardt (eds.) 1979: 7-32, and Patton 1980.14. See Ferreira (1982: 111-115) for a complete description of the samplingprocedure.15. Evening clinics are attended more by working persons and their families,and were thus excluded from the study.221
Page 2 and 3:
HSRC SERIES IN METHODOLOGYSeries Ed
Page 4 and 5:
All rights reserved. No part of thi
Page 6 and 7:
PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
Page 8 and 9:
Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac
Page 10 and 11:
important methods of operationalizi
Page 12 and 13:
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Introduction: The scientific langua
Page 20 and 21:
Page 22 and 23:
Page 24 and 25:
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
Page 34 and 35:
inevitably be found in the discipli
Page 36 and 37:
At the project level, three general
Page 38 and 39:
FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
Page 40 and 41:
Page 42 and 43:
context of a particular research tr
Page 44 and 45:
Introduction: Social sciences resea
Page 46 and 47:
Page 48 and 49:
all the factors which may pose a th
Page 50 and 51:
(3) Conceptualization and operation
Page 52 and 53:
negative influence on the person’
Page 54 and 55:
Page 56 and 57:
CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
to indicate a causal relationship b
Page 64 and 65:
flict with a point of view in which
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Our discussion of problem formulati
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
Page 74 and 75:
ductivism, refers to the belief tha
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
Page 84 and 85:
manifestations of alienation, it ou
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
found between theoretical and conce
Page 90 and 91:
IntroductionSources of data, reacti
Page 92 and 93:
that they have tradition, culture,
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
categories. Finally, the research c
Page 98 and 99:
affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
Page 100 and 101:
Page 102 and 103:
pectancy effects was conducted by R
Page 104 and 105:
ticipant’s perception of his or h
Page 106 and 107:
(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
Page 108 and 109:
We have, in an earlier section, dra
Page 110 and 111:
example of the double blind experim
Page 112 and 113:
CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
Page 114 and 115:
IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
Page 116 and 117:
Coloured youths were fatally wounde
Page 118 and 119:
ehaving violently towards some of t
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
multivariate techniques are much mo
Page 124 and 125:
tial validity. A closer inspection
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
validity (as a rule we will not use
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
CONTEXT EFFECTSIs it reasonable to
Page 138 and 139:
analysis, text analysis, and case s
Page 140 and 141:
IntroductionConceptsStatementsConno
Page 142 and 143:
The schematic representation also g
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
DICHOTOMOUS, POLYTOMIC AND CONTINUO
Page 148 and 149:
People therefore, depending upon th
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
higher than the mean scores on meth
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Source ofinformation Sender Recipie
Page 158 and 159:
of the modellandum which are deemed
Page 160 and 161:
phenomena or variables and, for thi
Page 162 and 163:
i.e. from a collection of mutually
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
system, the Aristotelian theory of
Page 168 and 169:
IntroductionThe spectrum of the soc
Page 170 and 171:
• How do scientist study underlyi
Page 172 and 173:
the scope is more likely to be unde
Page 174 and 175:
A number of comments will serve to
Page 176 and 177:
ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
Page 178 and 179:
A research report is usually a logi
Page 180 and 181:
to be found between qualitative and
Page 182 and 183:
at which people are placed towards
Page 184 and 185:
The different levels can probably b
Page 186 and 187: proach should be canonized and anot
Page 188 and 189: Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac
Page 190 and 191: Goals of this chapterIntroductory r
Page 194 and 195: is written, the wise researcher wou
Page 196 and 197: Some of the characteristics that ar
Page 198 and 199: falls within more than one discipli
Page 200 and 201: earlier on. The aim of the project,
Page 202 and 203: Example 3Title of projectAtlas of l
Page 204 and 205: IntroductionThe context of reportin
Page 208 and 209: METATHEORETICAL GUIDEIINESIt is gen
Page 210 and 211: the researcher’s views, insuffici
Page 212 and 213: Suggestions for further reading:Bes
Page 216 and 217: 2. THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONMedical s
Page 218 and 219: particular outpatient centre experi
Page 220 and 221: 3. METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGYSymbolic
Page 224 and 225: the organisation). Secondly, a larg
Page 232 and 233: tations of the subjects; it is conc
Page 238 and 239: 16. First half of 1981.17. Gold (19
Page 248 and 249: 2. How is value-orientation defined
Page 252 and 253: in practice. In contrast, pragmatis
Page 254 and 255: ian style of management result in l
Page 256 and 257: Quality of supervision of stoping g
Page 258 and 259: TABLE IIIANALYSIS OF VARIANCE FOR M
Page 260 and 261: FIGURE 2 — SECOND ORDER INTERACTI
Page 262 and 263: A further consideration in the choi
Page 264 and 265: gangs with supervision that was ass
Page 266 and 267: percentage of transfers not being m
Page 268 and 269: for all the relevant factors. Discu
Page 276 and 277: WHITE, V.P. (ed.). 1983. Grant prop
Page 278 and 279: connotation 58ff, 126ff- convention
Page 280 and 281: hermeneutics 21heuristic function,
Page 282 and 283: Naive inductivism 57naturalistic re
Page 284 and 285: esearcher image 82-83researcher ori
show all

Download - HSRC Press

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?