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2. How is value-orientation defined?3. The author lists a number of theoretical assumptions or postulates whichunderlie his analysis. Discuss them briefly.4. The author identifies two important issues in the construction of atypology of value-orientations: the explication of definite theoreticalprinciples and a specification of the level of abstraction of the valueorientations. With regard to the first issue, Joubert discusses three suchprinciples. Discuss how the construction of the typology on the basis ofthese principles constitutes a deductive research strategy.5. What claims regarding the external validity of the typology are made?6. A typology such as this provides an explicit frame of reference forempirical research. Discuss.7. Discuss how Joubert’s typology meets the criterion of a good typology,viz mutually exclusive and exhaustive classification.Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaNOTES1. Rose, A.M. 1956. Sociology and the study of values. The British Journalof Sociology, 7/1, pp. 1-17.2. Von Mering, O. 1961. A grammar of human values, Pittsburg.3. Kelman, H.C. 1968. Time to speak — On human values and socialresearch, San Francisco.4. Kluckhohn, Clyde. 1954. Values and value orientations in the theory ofaction, in: Parsons & Shils (Eds.), Toward a general theory of action,Cambridge, Mass.5. Kluckhohn, F. & Strodtbeck, F.I. 1961. Variations in value orientations,Evanston.6. Joubert, Dian D. 1964. Die waardekonsep in die sosiologiese teorie, CapeTown.7. Von Mering, O., Op. cit., p. 90.8. Parsons, T. & Shils, E.A. (Eds.) Op. cit.9. Kluckhohn, F. & Strodtbeck, F.I., Op. cit.10. Kluckhohn, Clyde. 1958. The scientific study of values, University ofToronto Installation Lectures.232
Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za11. Sorokin, P.A. 1957. Social and cultural dynamics, New York.12. Riesman, D. et al. 1955. The lonely crowd, New York.13. Morris, Charles. 1956. Paths of life, New York. Also: Varieties of humanvalue, Chicago.14. Allport-Vernon-Lindzey. 1951. Study of values, Boston.15. Dodd, S.C. 1951. On classifying human values: A step in the predictionof valuing, in: American Sociological Review, 16/5, pp. 645-653.16. White, R.K. 1951. Value-analysis — The nature and use of the method,Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues17. Lipset, S.M. 1963. The value patterns of democracy. AmericanSociological Review, 28/4, pp. 515-531.18. Fallding, H. 1965. A proposal for the empirical study of values.American Sociological Review, 30/2, pp. 223-233.19. Von Mering, O., Op. cit.20. Ibid., p. xix.21. Joubert, D.D. 1965. Waarde-navorsing: ‘n Oriëntasie ten opsigte vanteoretiese konsepsie, metodologiese beginsels, tipologieë en ondersoekmetodes in navorsing oor waardestelsels van samelewings. Unpublishedreport completed for National Council for Social Research, 1962. Seealso Dian D. Joubert, Die waardes van samelewings, Journal for SocialResearch, 14/1, pp. 83-88.22. Dahrendorf, R. 1959- Class and class conflict in industrial society,London.23. Neal, M.A. 1965. Values and interests in social change, EnglewoodCliffs, N.J.24. Gouldner, A.W. 1970. The coming crisis of western sociology, London.25. Friedrichs, R.W. 1970. A sociology of sociology, New York.26. Roode, C.D. 1972. Waardebetrokkenheid, die sosiologie en die sosioloog,in: Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Sosiologie, no. 4, pp. 4-13.27. Ibid.28. Definitions of Value OrientationsI. Exclusiveness — Inclusiveness (Integration/Time) Exclusivenessplaces the emphasis on the maintenance of identity, homogeneity,and solidarity established over time. Inclusiveness refers to areadiness to enter into new solidarities, a readiness to associate withpeople who are ‘different’.233
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PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
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important methods of operationalizi
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Introduction: The scientific langua
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inevitably be found in the discipli
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At the project level, three general
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FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
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context of a particular research tr
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Introduction: Social sciences resea
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all the factors which may pose a th
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(3) Conceptualization and operation
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negative influence on the person’
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CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
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to indicate a causal relationship b
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flict with a point of view in which
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Our discussion of problem formulati
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IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
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ductivism, refers to the belief tha
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Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
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manifestations of alienation, it ou
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found between theoretical and conce
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IntroductionSources of data, reacti
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that they have tradition, culture,
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categories. Finally, the research c
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affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
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ticipant’s perception of his or h
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(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
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We have, in an earlier section, dra
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example of the double blind experim
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CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
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IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
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Coloured youths were fatally wounde
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ehaving violently towards some of t
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multivariate techniques are much mo
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tial validity. A closer inspection
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validity (as a rule we will not use
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CONTEXT EFFECTSIs it reasonable to
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analysis, text analysis, and case s
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IntroductionConceptsStatementsConno
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The schematic representation also g
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DICHOTOMOUS, POLYTOMIC AND CONTINUO
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People therefore, depending upon th
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higher than the mean scores on meth
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Source ofinformation Sender Recipie
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of the modellandum which are deemed
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phenomena or variables and, for thi
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i.e. from a collection of mutually
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system, the Aristotelian theory of
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IntroductionThe spectrum of the soc
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• How do scientist study underlyi
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the scope is more likely to be unde
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A number of comments will serve to
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ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
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A research report is usually a logi
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to be found between qualitative and
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at which people are placed towards
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The different levels can probably b
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proach should be canonized and anot
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Goals of this chapterIntroductory r
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is written, the wise researcher wou
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Some of the characteristics that ar
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