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Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.zaNOWAK, S. 1976. Understanding and prediction. Dordrecht: D. Reidel.NUNNALY, J.C. 1964. Educational measurement and theory. New York: McGraw-hill.NUNNALY, J.C. 1978. Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.ODENDAL, F.F. 1976. Oor die aanspreekvorme in Afrikaans. In: De Klerk, W.J. & Ponelis, F.A. (reds.)Gedenkbundel H.J.J.M. van der Merwe. Pretoria: Van Schaik. Pp. 105-113.OPPENHEIM, A.N. 1966. Questionnaire design and attitude measurement. London: Heinemann.PAREEK, U. & RAO, T.V. 1980. Cross-cultural surveys and interviewing. In: Triandis, H.C. & Berry, J.W.(eds.) Handbook of cross-cultural psychology, vol. 2. Pp. 127-179.PAPINEAU, D. 1979. Theory and meaning. New York: Oxford U.P. Inc.PHILLIBER, S., SCHWAB, H.R. & SLOSS, G.S. 1980. Social research. Itasca: F.E. Peacock Publishers.PHILLIPS, B.S. 1966. Social research: Strategy and tactics. New York: MacMillan.PHILLIPS, G.R. & HUNT, L.J. 1976. Writing essays and dissertations: a guide to the preparation of writtenassignments in colleges and universities. Beaverton: International Scholarly Book Services.PLUMMER, K. 1983. Documents of life: An introduction to the problems and literature of a humanisticmethod. London: Allen & Unwin.POPPER, K.R. 1959. The logic of scientific discovery. London: Hutchinson.POPPER, K.R. 1963. Conjectures and refutarions. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.POPPER, K.R. 1973. The rationality of scientific revolutions. In: Hacking, I. (ed.) Scientific revolutions.Oxford: OUP. 1981. Pp. 80-106.PUTNAM, H. 1975. Mind, language and reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.RADNITZKY, G. 1970. Contemporary schools of merascience. 2nd edition. New York Humanities Press.RADNITZKY, G. 1974. From logic of science to theory of research. Communication and Cognition 7(1): 61-124.RADNITZKY, G. 1980. Progress and rationality in research. In: Grmek, Cohen & Cimino (eds.), Onscientific discovery. Dordrecth: D. Reidel Publ. Co. Pp. 43-102.RAVETZ, J.R. 1971. Scientific knowledge and its social problems. Oxford: OUP.RANGONETTI, T.J.A. 1970. A social psychology of survey techniques. Cornell Journal Social Relations 5:41-50.ROETHLISBERGER, F.L. & DICKSON, W.J. 1939. Management and the worker. Cambridge HarvardUniversities Press.ROSE, G. 1982. Deciphering sociological research. London: The MacMillan Press.ROSENBERG, M. 1968. The logic of survey analysis. New York: Basic Books.ROSENTHAL, R.E. & FODE, K.L. 1963. Three experiments in experimenter bias. Psychological Reports12: 491-511.ROSENTHAL, R, & ROSNOW, R.L. 1969a. Artifact in behavioral research. New York: AcademicPress.ROSENTHAL, R. & ROSNOW, R. L. 1969b. The volunteer subject. In: Rosenthal & Rosnow, 1969a,Artifact in behavioral research. New York: Academic Press. Pp. 61-118.ROSSI, P. 1957. -Francis Bacon - From magic to science. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.RUDNER, R.S. 1966. Philosophy of social science. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.RUSSO, W. 1980. Secrets of the research paper: an easy guide to success. Needham: Oman.RYAN, A. 1970. The philosophy of the social sciences. London: The MacMillan Press.SALMON, W.C. 1970. Statistical explanation. In: Colodny. R.G. (ed.) The nature and function of scientifictheories. Pittsburg: University of Pittsburgh Press, pp. 1 73-23 1.SALMON, W.C. 1973. Logic. Second edition. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.258
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HSRC SERIES IN METHODOLOGYSeries Ed
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All rights reserved. No part of thi
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PART 3Appendix 1M Ferreira — A so
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important methods of operationalizi
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Introduction: The scientific langua
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inevitably be found in the discipli
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At the project level, three general
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FIGURE 1.3Free download from www.hs
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context of a particular research tr
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Introduction: Social sciences resea
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all the factors which may pose a th
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(3) Conceptualization and operation
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negative influence on the person’
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CONDITIONS ORIENTATIONS ACTIONSINDI
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to indicate a causal relationship b
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flict with a point of view in which
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Our discussion of problem formulati
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IntroductionConcept and meaningConc
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ductivism, refers to the belief tha
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Social isolation1. Sometimes I feel
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manifestations of alienation, it ou
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found between theoretical and conce
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IntroductionSources of data, reacti
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that they have tradition, culture,
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categories. Finally, the research c
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affiliation, or presumed affiliatio
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pectancy effects was conducted by R
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ticipant’s perception of his or h
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(v) Questionnaire length effects(vi
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We have, in an earlier section, dra
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example of the double blind experim
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CONSTRUCTIVE REPLICATIONIn conclusi
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IntroductionAn example: The Reiger
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Coloured youths were fatally wounde
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ehaving violently towards some of t
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multivariate techniques are much mo
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tial validity. A closer inspection
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validity (as a rule we will not use
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CONTEXT EFFECTSIs it reasonable to
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analysis, text analysis, and case s
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IntroductionConceptsStatementsConno
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The schematic representation also g
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DICHOTOMOUS, POLYTOMIC AND CONTINUO
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People therefore, depending upon th
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higher than the mean scores on meth
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Source ofinformation Sender Recipie
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of the modellandum which are deemed
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phenomena or variables and, for thi
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i.e. from a collection of mutually
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system, the Aristotelian theory of
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IntroductionThe spectrum of the soc
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• How do scientist study underlyi
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the scope is more likely to be unde
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A number of comments will serve to
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ConceptsIn figure 7.2 below, qualit
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A research report is usually a logi
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to be found between qualitative and
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at which people are placed towards
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The different levels can probably b
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proach should be canonized and anot
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Goals of this chapterIntroductory r
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is written, the wise researcher wou
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Some of the characteristics that ar
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falls within more than one discipli
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earlier on. The aim of the project,
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Example 3Title of projectAtlas of l
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IntroductionThe context of reportin
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METATHEORETICAL GUIDEIINESIt is gen
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the researcher’s views, insuffici
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Suggestions for further reading:Bes
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2. THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONMedical s
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particular outpatient centre experi
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3. METHODOLOGICAL STRATEGYSymbolic
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Page 224 and 225: the organisation). Secondly, a larg
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Page 232 and 233: tations of the subjects; it is conc
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