The Rainforests of Cameroon - PROFOR

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90 The Rainforests of CameroonFigure 5.7. Trends in tree woods harvested, various years, 1990/91–20041,000,000800,000Cubic meters600,000400,000200,00001990–91 1995–96 2002–03 2004YearAyous Sapelli Azobé TaliFrakeIroko Kossipo Sipo Movingui OkanSource: Authors, based on unpublished data from MINEF and SIGIF.produced sustainably and harvested legally). Although such markets havestarted emerging, certification is useful as more than a marketing instrument.In countries such as Cameroon, certification may play a useful publicpolicy function by compensating for weak law enforcement and shiftingthe burden of control, at least partly, to certification bodies and to thecompanies themselves.Companies accounting for more than 70 percent of Cameroon’s forestexports have obtained certification of the legal origin of their productsfrom EuroCertifor. A UFA of about 42,000 hectares, held by Wijma, wasthe first natural forest concession in Africa certified by the Forest StewardshipCouncil, the world’s most demanding forest certification body.Many other applications have been submitted to FSC, the InternationalOrganization for Standardization (ISO), and other recognized organizations.In 2008, as much as 900,000 hectares were certified by FSC.This situation is a vast improvement over the uncertainty about the legalprovenance and environmental footprint of timber exported by Cameroonjust 10 years ago. The World BankDelivered by The World Bank e-library to:IP : 192.86.100.34Mon, 09 Nov 2009 17:06:18Impacts on the Forest IndustryChanges in industry structure. Industry structure and product mix havechanged significantly over the course of the reforms. In 1990, the forest(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
In-Depth Analysis of Impacts 91industry predominantly focused on logging. 15 To comply with the woodprocessingquota enforced between 1994 and 1999, and in response to thelog export ban in 1999, practically all companies started to build processingunits and integrate logging and processing. Timber-processing companies,hoping that the log export ban would make it possible to purchase logsfrom the local market, were disappointed when most companies processedall of the timber they acquired. Beginning in 2000, processors started toseek UFA concessions and ventes de coupe to secure their wood supply.The modest size of Cameroon’s UFAs (averaging 67,000 hectares)increases the fixed costs of forest management and restricts marketingflexibility. To offset the risk inherent in the small size of UFAs and tocapture economies of scale, companies have sought to increase the sizeof their concessions (to as much as 600,000 hectares) by acquiring morethan one UFA and associating with or acquiring other companies, includ-Table 5.2. Timber concessions by area, firm, and nationality of main shareholdersGroupnameThanry/VicwoodCompaniesCIBC, CFC, SEBC,SAB, SEBC,J.Prenant, KiefferNationality ofmain shareholdersArea underconcession (ha)Share of allocatedareas (%)China/Cameroon 663,288 12FIP-CAM FIP-CAM Italy 539,016 10Rougier Lorema, SFID, France 474,164 8SOCIB, CamboisSEFAC Filière bois, SEFAC, Italy 411,872 7SEBACKhoury EFMK, SABM SN Lebanon/338,092 6COCAM, RC Coron CameroonAlpi ALPICAM, STBK Italy 305,000 5GRUMCAMPasquet Pallisco, Assene France/Cameroon 301,387 5Nkou SodetrancamWijma COFA/WIJMA Netherlands-242,021 4CameroonSIM SIM, SCTBC, SFDB, Italy 210,470 4INC SarlPatrice-Delivered by The World Bank e-library to:COFA, SFF, Patrice Italy/France/ The World Bank 206,866 4Bois BoisCameroon IP : 192.86.100.34Mon, 09 Nov 2009 17:06:18Others 2,608,353 36Total 5,721,583Source: GFW 2006.(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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The Rainforests of CameroonDelivere
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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vi ContentsChapter 3 Objectives and
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viii ContentsFigures3.1. Cameroon
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x Forewordof illegal activity. Oppo
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xii Preface and AcknowledgmentsIt i
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Delivered by The World Bank e-libra
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xvi AbbreviationsCOMIFAC Conference
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xviii AbbreviationsUS$VCWRIWWFU.S.
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2 The Rainforests of Cameroonintere
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4 The Rainforests of CameroonForest
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6 The Rainforests of Cameroonnity f
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8 The Rainforests of Cameroonimport
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14 The Rainforests of Cameroonsecto
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16 The Rainforests of CameroonAltho
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20 The Rainforests of CameroonAs th
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24 The Rainforests of CameroonIniti
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26 The Rainforests of CameroonLaw,
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28 The Rainforests of CameroonTable
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30 The Rainforests of CameroonFigur
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36 The Rainforests of CameroonBox 3
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38 The Rainforests of CameroonLocal
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Page 152 and 153: 132 Appendix 1resulted in paper ref
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140 Appendix 2FMU number09.020 1069
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144 Appendix 3Type Name (type) Area
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146 Appendix 4Small-scale domestic
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148 Appendix 5The September 1997 ag
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152 Appendix 6Code in 1994 and an E
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154 Appendix 6• The Vienna Conven
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156 Appendix 6Forestry taxation ref
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158 Appendix 6to CFAF 10 billion of
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160 Appendix 6Sangha National Park)
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162 Appendix 62. Better environment
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166 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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168 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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170 Appendix 8Type of Processing ca
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172 Appendix 8Type of Processing ca
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176 Appendix 9Situation in 1992Area
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178 Appendix 9Situation in 2004Fisc
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182 Appendix 10forest service (or t
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184 ReferencesCarret, Giraud, and L
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186 Referencessented at the Rights
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190 The Rainforests of CameroonCons
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192 The Rainforests of CameroonIPDP
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194 The Rainforests of Cameroonvolu
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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Map 2. Forest Use in Cameroon, 1992
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Map 3. Status of Logging Titles in
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Map 5. Status of Protected Areas in
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Map 6. Conservation of the Ngoila-M
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