The Rainforests of Cameroon - PROFOR

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74 The Rainforests of Cameroonand community forests. The government of Cameroon has also recentlybecome a member of the Global Legal Information Network (GLIN),a public database of official texts of laws, regulations, judicial decisions,and other complementary legal sources. GLIN members provide fullpublished texts of these documents to the database, which increases thetransparency and visibility of their laws and regulations. Cameroon hasindicated that the registration of texts in the database would start withforest-related laws and regulations.Reports by Cameroon’s independent observers (GW and REM) areavailable in English and French at http://www.globalwitness.org/pages/en/cameroon.html and http://www.observation-cameroun.info/.The quantity and quality of disclosure gained a momentum thatproved easier to reach than to maintain. Starting in 2006, informationwas released in a less timely and complete manner, and the MINFOF Website, once the window on the forest sector, has often been hard to open.Greater Public Participation in Makingand Implementing Forest PolicyDecree 95-531, issued in 1995, made public participation and consultationa new tenet of forest policy making and implementation. The decreerequired the Forest Administration to seek the participation of local communitiesin decisions affecting forests (article 5) and defined the instanceswhen public consultation was mandatory. Following the decree, local commissions(including community members, private sector representatives,customary authorities, and government and elected officials) were establishedin each province and systematically involved in forest gazetting anddegazetting (articles 19 and 20) and in consultations related to the environmentalimpact of infrastructure and other projects affecting forests.With increased scope for public participation, civil society organizationshave started playing a more active role in framing and monitoringforest policies and laws. For example, civil society participated effectivelyin reviews and public discussions related to the environmental impactsof the Chad–Cameroon Pipeline Project and other projects, including theproposed Lom Pangar Dam, which will affect the Deng Deng forest andwildlife reserve. Organizations such as the Cameroonian Foundation forConcerted Action and Delivered Training by The on World the Bank Environment e-library to: (FOCARFE) haveThe World Bankhelped communities affected IP by : 192.86.100.34 the pipeline’s construction to promoteagroforestry and preserve Mon, biodiversity. 09 Nov 2009 The 17:06:18 Center for Environment andDevelopment (CED) became involved with monitoring social and environmentaldevelopments after the pipeline project was completed and(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
In-Depth Analysis of Impacts 75has helped indigenous groups defend their traditional rights to the forest.Although consultations with local groups do not always feature the kindof participation envisioned in the legal framework—and in some casesthe legal niceties are disregarded altogether—coercive or cursory participationdoes decrease when local NGOs are involved. Local NGOs havebecome considerably stronger in recent years and are becoming moreactive advocates for full local participation in forest decisions.Impacts on Illegal LoggingTrends in Illegal LoggingIllegal logging has clearly declined since 2002, but in any assessment of illegallogging it is important to consider that “illegal” is a relative concept. Whatis illegal in one country may be perfectly acceptable in another, and practicesonce regarded as legal in a given country may become illegal as rules changeor become more restrictive. A country such as Cameroon, with more stringentregulations and relatively better control, is more likely to reveal illegallogging than a country where rules and controls are more loosely applied.The types of illegal logging and their impacts—environmental, social,economic—can also vary widely: The ecological impact of harvestingtrees from a biodiversity reserve is not the same as that of a firm cuttingtimber outside its specified annual harvested area but within its concession.The larger point is that while numbers are important, they do nottell the full story of illegal logging, which must be carefully characterizedand understood to be curbed. Estimates of the percentage of illegal loggingin Cameroon are very sensitive to assumptions about the level ofdomestic consumption, and reliable data on domestic consumption andthe informal sector are not available.The formal sector. In a comprehensive description of illegal logging inCameroon by specific activity between 1990 and 2004, Cerutti and Tacconi(2006) found that illegal logging by industry (that is, for export)appears to have been significant between 1998 and 2002 but that it occurredat a level “well below” the 50 percent of the total harvest commonlycited. 1 They distinguished two periods in which illegal industriallogging had very distinct characteristics:• The years from 1998 Delivered to by 2002 The World saw illegal Bank e-library activity to: develop on a massivescale (figure 5.1); it could IP : 192.86.100.34 have represented more than one-thirdThe World Bankof annual production. Many Mon, 09 forces Nov 2009 contributed 17:06:18 to the proliferation ofillegal logging by industry at this time. The effects of the devaluationpersisted; licenses had expired; small harvesting titles had been sus-(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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The Rainforests of CameroonDelivere
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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vi ContentsChapter 3 Objectives and
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viii ContentsFigures3.1. Cameroon
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x Forewordof illegal activity. Oppo
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xii Preface and AcknowledgmentsIt i
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Delivered by The World Bank e-libra
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xvi AbbreviationsCOMIFAC Conference
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xviii AbbreviationsUS$VCWRIWWFU.S.
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2 The Rainforests of Cameroonintere
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4 The Rainforests of CameroonForest
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6 The Rainforests of Cameroonnity f
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8 The Rainforests of Cameroonimport
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16 The Rainforests of CameroonAltho
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18 The Rainforests of CameroonCamer
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20 The Rainforests of CameroonAs th
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22 The Rainforests of CameroonThe c
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126 The Rainforests of CameroonFina
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128 The Rainforests of Cameroonin t
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132 Appendix 1resulted in paper ref
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134 Appendix 1estry laws and regula
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136 Appendix 2FMU numberFMUs alloca
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138 Appendix 2FMU number10.020 1038
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140 Appendix 2FMU number09.020 1069
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144 Appendix 3Type Name (type) Area
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146 Appendix 4Small-scale domestic
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148 Appendix 5The September 1997 ag
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152 Appendix 6Code in 1994 and an E
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154 Appendix 6• The Vienna Conven
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156 Appendix 6Forestry taxation ref
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158 Appendix 6to CFAF 10 billion of
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160 Appendix 6Sangha National Park)
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162 Appendix 62. Better environment
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166 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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168 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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170 Appendix 8Type of Processing ca
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172 Appendix 8Type of Processing ca
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176 Appendix 9Situation in 1992Area
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178 Appendix 9Situation in 2004Fisc
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182 Appendix 10forest service (or t
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184 ReferencesCarret, Giraud, and L
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186 Referencessented at the Rights
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190 The Rainforests of CameroonCons
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192 The Rainforests of CameroonIPDP
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194 The Rainforests of Cameroonvolu
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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Map 2. Forest Use in Cameroon, 1992
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Map 3. Status of Logging Titles in
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Map 5. Status of Protected Areas in
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Map 6. Conservation of the Ngoila-M
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