The Rainforests of Cameroon - PROFOR

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28 The Rainforests of CameroonTable 3.1. Forest reform measures contained in SAC IIIArea of reform 1994 Forest Law SAC III forest measuresForest zoning Classification of the forestestate into permanentproduction forests, protectedareas, and rural areas.Adoption of a national strategy forforest concession planning, takinginto account requirements forsustainable forest management.CommunityforestryTitle allocationsystemSustainableforestmanagementForest taxationAdaptationof theinstitutionalframeworkSource: Authors.Establishment of rights forlocal communities to managecommunity or local councilforests through a contractualrelationship with theadministration.Allocation of short- and longtermforest harvesting rightsthrough a public auction inwhich technical and financialcriteria are considered.Introduction of forestmanagement plansimplemented by private firmsin permanent productionforests and monitored by theForest Administration.Mention of a system toredistribute a portion of thearea tax to local councils andcommunities.Reorganization of publicinstitutions to focus ongovernance (regulation andcontrol). Transfer of productiveactivities to the private sector,local communities, and localcouncils.Delivered by The World Bank e-library to:The World BankIP : 192.86.100.34Mon, 09 Nov 2009 17:06:18Adoption of a right for localcommunities to preempt neighboringforests from being earmarked as ventesde coupe (where logging is permittedon a maximum of 2,500 hectares for amaximum of three years).Adoption of new, detailed regulationsfor awarding harvesting rights,including revised selection criteriaand an external validation mechanisminvolving an independent observer.Adoption of procedures to prepare,approve, and monitor forestmanagement plans. Selection ofinternational nongovernmentalorganizations to monitor andassess the implementation of forestmanagement plans on the ground.Implementation of a guaranteesystem to ensure compliance withforest management plans.Adoption of reforms in forest taxation,including the creation of a program toenhance forest tax revenue (throughbetter monitoring and recoveryof forest taxes) and a system forredistributing annual area revenues(the state to receive 50 percent,local councils 40 percent, and localcommunities 10 percent).Revision of the institutional status ofthe National Forestry DevelopmentAgency to clarify its mandate andsources of financing.(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
Objectives and Content of the Reforms 29community participation, increase local processing, facilitate taxcollection, and improve governance and transparency in the forestsector.6. Reorganizing public institutions to align forest sector organizationand expenditures with policy objectives, expand accountability, andensure that the state performs its essential functions and removesitself from others.For the next 10 years, these six strategic areas became the focus ofgovernment collaboration with the World Bank and other partners. Asnew information became available, as perspectives changed, and as newconcerns emerged—for example, concerns over climate change—theywere reflected in the reform agenda. The sections that follow highlightsome of the issues arising as the reforms were implemented. Implementationdid not always take a clear, predictable path. The sequencing wasnot impeccable. Yet the process moved forward.Organizing the Forest LandscapeClassification of the national forest estate into distinct zones (based onsurveys of forest characteristics, population density, and use) provided afoundation for protecting forest land and also for specifying those forestareas that could be converted to other uses. Geographic zoning identifieswhich forest land belongs to which classification; the subsequent gazettingprocess legally ratifies the classification. Together, zoning and gazettingenable government, communities, industry, and other stakeholders toestablish secure use rights. In Cameroon these actions made it possible tointroduce some degree of regulation and clarity into a previously chaoticsystem under which the government acted as the landlord of the forest,while lacking the capacity to monitor and control its use. Zoning andgazetting also permitted some recognition of traditional forest use rightsand made it possible to develop a national strategy for allocating forestharvesting rights.The Zoning ProcessFigure 3.1 depicts the Delivered hierarchy by The World of forest Bank e-library zones in to: Cameroon, definedThe World Bankaccording to the 1994 Forest IP Law : 192.86.100.34 as permanent forests (including protectedareas and production Mon, 09 forests) Nov 2009 as 17:06:18 well as nonpermanent forests(including “rural areas,” which are forested lands located near villages andsettlements; in figure 3.1, they are in the “Other forests” category).(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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132 Appendix 1resulted in paper ref
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134 Appendix 1estry laws and regula
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144 Appendix 3Type Name (type) Area
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152 Appendix 6Code in 1994 and an E
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158 Appendix 6to CFAF 10 billion of
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160 Appendix 6Sangha National Park)
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162 Appendix 62. Better environment
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166 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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178 Appendix 9Situation in 2004Fisc
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182 Appendix 10forest service (or t
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184 ReferencesCarret, Giraud, and L
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186 Referencessented at the Rights
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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Map 2. Forest Use in Cameroon, 1992
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Map 3. Status of Logging Titles in
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Map 5. Status of Protected Areas in
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Map 6. Conservation of the Ngoila-M
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