The Rainforests of Cameroon - PROFOR

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98 The Rainforests of CameroonEquatorialGuineaTable 5.4. Fiscal burden for exported wood products in Cameroon and neighboring countries, 2005Euros per cubic meterGabon CentralAfricanRepublic Congo, Dem. Rep. ofWithoutMPWithMPCongo,Rep. of(North)Estimated fiscal burden for exportedproducts (€/m 3 ) Cameroon62(41)28(14)40(19)41(27)39(26)Logs 40 30–52(14–24)35(7)53(8)47(12)35(12)30(10)Sawn wood 49 42(8)10–3022(6)Veneer 29 19(5)105–110 10–45 105–110 20–130(main areas 50 to 80)40–70(remote Eastern regions)Average transportation cost(m 3 log to port)Delivered by The World Bank e-library to:The World BankIP : 192.86.100.34Mon, 09 Nov 2009 17:06:18Source: CIRAD 2006.Note: The numbers in parentheses show the tax as a share of the free-on-board price.(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
In-Depth Analysis of Impacts 99concession, and value of its tree species (also higher in other countries inthe region).Impacts on Poverty and LivelihoodsForest reforms had a number of effects related to poverty and livelihoods.Experience with the evolution of indigenous peoples’ rights, communityforestry, and local timber markets under the reforms provides substantialguidance to develop and test alternatives that may offer better means ofsustaining forest communities and the resources on which they depend.Improving Indigenous Peoples’ Access to Forest Land and ProductsAbout 30,000 individuals—Aka, Baka, and Kola peoples gathered in oraround 300 settlements in 33 councils—constitute Cameroon’s indigenouspeoples. Legally, they are citizens with rights equal to those of allother citizens. Yet they lack the de facto political influence; legal status;and organizational, technical, and economic capacity enjoyed by othergroups. Fundamentally, their settlements are not recognized “communities,”and therefore they cannot interact legally with government services.Although they are the most forest-dependent people in Cameroon, theyhave no legally sanctioned access to the forests where hunting and gatheringgenerate more than 65 percent of their livelihood, on average. 23The 1994 Forest Law began restoring some of the rights that colonialand postcolonial rule had taken from forest people. Although muchremains to be done, the reforms provided a much-needed entry point forimproving the livelihoods of indigenous people (and indeed of all peoplewho rely on customary access to forests) (box 5.5).The experience with Cameroon’s forest reforms revealed some limitationsin helping indigenous people secure rights to their forest resources.First, forest zoning allocated a significant area of indigenous communityland to the permanent forest domain, where community forests cannotbe established. The current regulatory framework for these areas doesnot sufficiently specify local inhabitants’ rights to hunt, gather, or fish.Second, in the nonpermanent estate, where community forests can beestablished, the dominant Bantu communities have already claimed theland, perpetuating a history Delivered of by marginalization The World Bank e-library of Pygmy to: people. 24 Finally,The World Bankaspects of community forests IP are : 192.86.100.34 inconsistent with the livelihoods andresources of indigenous people, Mon, 09 such Nov 2009 as the 17:06:18 emphasis on small-scale timberproduction or administrative structures that conflict with traditionalforms of land use.(c) The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank
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The Rainforests of CameroonDelivere
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© 2009 The International Bank for
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vi ContentsChapter 3 Objectives and
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viii ContentsFigures3.1. Cameroon
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x Forewordof illegal activity. Oppo
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xii Preface and AcknowledgmentsIt i
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xvi AbbreviationsCOMIFAC Conference
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xviii AbbreviationsUS$VCWRIWWFU.S.
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2 The Rainforests of Cameroonintere
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4 The Rainforests of CameroonForest
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24 The Rainforests of CameroonIniti
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26 The Rainforests of CameroonLaw,
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28 The Rainforests of CameroonTable
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34 The Rainforests of CameroonEffor
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36 The Rainforests of CameroonBox 3
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38 The Rainforests of CameroonLocal
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46 The Rainforests of CameroonBox 3
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Page 152 and 153: 132 Appendix 1resulted in paper ref
Page 154 and 155: 134 Appendix 1estry laws and regula
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Page 160 and 161: 140 Appendix 2FMU number09.020 1069
Page 164 and 165: 144 Appendix 3Type Name (type) Area
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148 Appendix 5The September 1997 ag
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152 Appendix 6Code in 1994 and an E
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154 Appendix 6• The Vienna Conven
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156 Appendix 6Forestry taxation ref
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158 Appendix 6to CFAF 10 billion of
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160 Appendix 6Sangha National Park)
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162 Appendix 62. Better environment
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166 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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168 Appendix 71998-99 2002-03 Evolu
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170 Appendix 8Type of Processing ca
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172 Appendix 8Type of Processing ca
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176 Appendix 9Situation in 1992Area
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178 Appendix 9Situation in 2004Fisc
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182 Appendix 10forest service (or t
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184 ReferencesCarret, Giraud, and L
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186 Referencessented at the Rights
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190 The Rainforests of CameroonCons
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192 The Rainforests of CameroonIPDP
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194 The Rainforests of Cameroonvolu
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ECO-AUDITEnvironmental Benefits Sta
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Map 2. Forest Use in Cameroon, 1992
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Map 3. Status of Logging Titles in
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Map 5. Status of Protected Areas in
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Map 6. Conservation of the Ngoila-M
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