Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1 Decline in human poverty rates by country (per cent): 1996-2007Figure 2 Unemployment rate among Arab youth (A) and their share in total unemployment (B)(per cent) in 2005/2006Figure 1-1 The poles of the knowledge societyFigure 2-1 Press freedom in the Arab countries, 2008Figure 2-2 Perceptions of corruption in the Arab World 2008Figure 2-3 Perceptions of corruption 2003-2008Figure 2-4 Distribution of Economic Freedom in Arab Countries, 2009Figure 2-5 Average economic freedom index for seventeen Arab countriesFigure 2-6 Heritage economic freedom index for 2009, Arab countries-comparison countriesFigure 2-7 Fraser Institute index of economic freedom of Arab countries vs. comparison countriesFigure 2-8 Index of global competitiveness for Arab countriesFigure 2-9 Average growth of per capita GDPFigure 2-10 Net exports of manufactured goods in Arab countriesFigure 3-1 Education and human resources index for Arab Countries (most recent statistical periodcompared to 1995)Figure 3-2 Basic knowledge capital formation opportunities for children in Arab countries againstper capita GDPFigure 3-3 Advanced knowledge capital formation opportunites for Arab youth against per capita GDPFigure 3-4 Adult knowledge capital acquired through education in Arab countries against per capita GDPFigure 3-5 Actual (or expected) knowledge capital formed through education among different age groupsin Arab countries against per capita GDPFigure 3-6a Maths performance of eighth-year students in Arab countries against per capita GDPFigure 3-6b Math performance of eighth-year students in Arab countries against per capita GDP(excluding Dubai)Figure 3-7 Science performance of eighth-year students in Arab countries against per capita GDP(excluding Dubai)Figure 4-1 ICT index values for Arab countries and selected groups of non-Arab countries(1995, most recent statistics with + and – change values)Figure 4-2 Number of computers per 1,000 inhabitants, Arab region, and selected groups ofnon-Arab countriesFigure 4-3 Internet users – Arab world, world, and selected non-Arab country groups by percapita GDPFigure 4-4 Bandwidth of global internet access for the Arab World and selected non-Arab country groupsFigure 4-5 Price basket for internet (in US dollars per month) in some Arab countries, worldwide,and in selected non-Arab groups of countries by incomeFigure 4-6 Language access to internet and ratio of speakers to total internet usersFigure 4-7 Growth of languages on the internet 2000-2008Figure 4-8 Availability of e-government services (2006 values)Figure 4-9 Change in business internet use plotted against per capita income in some Arab countriesand worldwideFigure 4-10 Paper consumption worldwide and in some Arab countries by per capita GDPFigure 4-11 Paper consumption and internet use worldwide and in some Arab countries, 2004-2005Figure 5-1 Innovation system index for the most recent period in comparison to 1995Figure 5-2 Innovation and developmentFigure 5-3 Per capita GDP and the innovation system indexFigure 5-4 Arab-international cooperation in scientific dissemination, 2004Figure 5-5 Arab participation in the European Union’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006)Figure 5-6 Number of scientific papers published in the Arab region1112336262636969717273747599104110120122125125126145145146147148148150158162166167182182183187195197XI
Figure 5-7 Published scientific articles according to specialisation (1998-2007), based on Table5-7Figure 5-8 Scientific impact of Arab publicationsFigure 5-9 Percentage of Arabic language-use in research papers published in the Maghreb, 1980-2007Figure 5-10 Languages used in human and social science research publications in the Maghreb, 2007Figure 6-1 Mechanism for movement towards the Arab knowledge societyFigure 6-2 Priorities for action to build the elements of the knowledge society in the Arab worldFigure 6-3 Priorities for action to build the elements of the knowledge society in the Arab worldFigure 6-4 Priorities for action to build the elements of the knowledge society in the Arab worldFigure A-1 The Knowledge Economy Index for the Arab countriesFigure A-2 Normalised values for indicators concerning knowledge for the Arab countries, the G7,and the worldFigure A-3 Index values for the pillars of the knowledge economy for the Arab countries, the G7,and the worldFigure A-4 The latest KEI compared to 1995LIST OF TABLESTable 1 Human development indicators for the Arab countries (2001 versus 2006)Table 2 Population and GDP per capita in Arab countries (2008, projections)Table 3 Incidence of extreme poverty in a sample of Arab countriesTable 4 The employment challenge: projected numbers of new jobs requiredTable 2-1 Arab Countries that realised positive reforms in the field of business, 2007-2008Table 2-2 Arab Countries according to their ties to trade agreements and intellectual propertyTable 2-3 Rights and responsibilities of Arab members in the World Trade Organisation in the field ofcopyright and access to knowledgeTable 3-1 Opportunities for basic knowledge capital formation in children through education in 2005(per cent)Table 3-2 Opportunities for the formation of knowledge capital by youth (ages 15-24) in Arab countries,2005 (per cent)Table 3-3 Comparison of overall results of students in Arab countries and students in USA on thebusiness administration testTable 3-4 Comparison of overall results of students in Arab countries and students in USA on thecomputer science testTable 3-5 Estimated knowledge capital acquired through education among adults (25 to 50 years)in Arab countries in 2008 (per cent)Table 3-6 Summary of estimated quantitative capital obtained through education for the different agestrata of Arab societies in 2005 (per cent)Table 4-1 Top ten languages used on the net (number of internet users by language)Table 4-2 Readiness of Arab countries to adopt e-government applicationsTable 4-3 Readiness to adopt e-government applications in some comparable countriesTable 5-1 The quality of Arab research institutionsTable 5-2 Ranking of Arab countries in the Assimilation of Technology index (out of 134 countries)Table 5-3 The number of researchers in the Arab regionTable 5-4 Expenditure on research in the Arab regionTable 5-5 Expenditure on research and development and percentage contributions from private andpublic sectors in comparison countriesTable 5-6 Number of scientific publications in selected Arab CountriesTable 5-7 Number of scientific articles published in the Arab world, 1998-2007Table 5-8 Arab-international cooperation in scientific publishingTable 5-9 Patents registration with the USPTO by seven Arab countriesTable 5-10 Sizes of cinema audiences and numbers of cinema screens, 2004-2005Table 5-11 Human capital flight index1981992032032262312332352592612622629101113707980103109117117119121149157157189189190193193197198199201205209XII
Page 1 and 2: United Nations Development Programm
Page 3 and 4: This Report has been produced throu
Page 5 and 6: This year’s report may perhapsbes
Page 7 and 8: ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
Page 9 and 10: CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
Page 11 and 12: Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
Page 13: LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
Page 17 and 18: Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
Page 19 and 20: The knowledgefield and revolutionto
Page 21 and 22: The literature onhuman rights place
Page 23 and 24: Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
Page 25 and 26: Intercommunicationwith the self mea
Page 27 and 28: Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
Page 29 and 30: Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
Page 31 and 32: In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
Page 34 and 35: eversion, in many cases, is not ass
Page 36 and 37: Thus the Arab region in general, an
Page 38 and 39: knowledge over recent years. This w
Page 40 and 41: However, this progress remains limi
Page 42: CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
Page 45 and 46: The successfuldeployment ofthe know
Page 47 and 48: The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
Page 49 and 50: Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
Page 51 and 52: No one pursuesknowledge forits own
Page 53 and 54: The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
Page 55 and 56: The goal of thiscritical review isn
Page 57 and 58: In our bidfor economicand humandeve
Page 59 and 60: The political reformproject remains
Page 61 and 62: Globalisation isdependent oninforma
Page 63 and 64: The battle overknowledge in oursoci
Page 65 and 66:
The most obviousexample of the gapb
Page 67 and 68:
BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
Page 71 and 72:
Collective humaneffort must bedirec
Page 73 and 74:
End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
Page 76 and 77:
CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
Page 78 and 79:
current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
Page 82 and 83:
technology infrastructure, blogs ar
Page 84 and 85:
nations continue to occupy their pr
Page 86 and 87:
to the third oil boom, which reache
Page 88 and 89:
have realised a degree of progress
Page 90 and 91:
FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
Page 100 and 101:
and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
Page 106 and 107:
solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
Page 110:
specific cases.These flexibilities
Page 114 and 115:
CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
Page 142 and 143:
FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
Page 156:
89Finland, for example, whose stude
Page 160 and 161:
CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
Page 164 and 165:
countries and the Arab countries. T
Page 166 and 167:
Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
Page 168 and 169:
of Arabic content and its low rate
Page 170 and 171:
exchange of future technology servi
Page 172 and 173:
of national partnerships aimed at s
Page 174 and 175:
TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
Page 176 and 177:
as the implementation of programmes
Page 178 and 179:
BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
Page 180 and 181:
of common principles that guarantee
Page 182 and 183:
data from various sources and then
Page 184 and 185:
FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
Page 186 and 187:
processing and the methods and tool
Page 188 and 189:
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
Page 192 and 193:
preservation and the consolidation
Page 194 and 195:
21As a result of the nature of comp
Page 196:
CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
Page 199 and 200:
FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
Page 201 and 202:
The extremely lowamounts spentby Ar
Page 203 and 204:
It has become clearthat the wager o
Page 205 and 206:
Joint researchprojects among Arabsc
Page 207 and 208:
Theoretically, themore researcherst
Page 209 and 210:
Average expenditureon scientific re
Page 211 and 212:
BOX 5-6Jordan’s “A Professor in
Page 213 and 214:
BOX 5-8For the last three decades,
Page 215 and 216:
FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
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A review of theperiod from 2002to 2
Page 219 and 220:
Social scienceresearch holds aspeci
Page 221 and 222:
Most Arabic-languageperiodicals in
Page 223 and 224:
Arab societies arefilled with examp
Page 225 and 226:
Human capitalis among Arabcountries
Page 227 and 228:
TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
Page 229 and 230:
It is ironic thatalthough the Arabw
Page 231 and 232:
End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
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CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
Page 237 and 238:
The most conspicuousfeature of thek
Page 239 and 240:
A review of nationalplans in the Ar
Page 241 and 242:
The positiveachievements inthe Arab
Page 243 and 244:
One of the keyfoundations of thevis
Page 245 and 246:
Freedom andinstitutionalisationare
Page 247 and 248:
Priorities are subjectto a great de
Page 249 and 250:
If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
Page 251 and 252:
The major challengelies in changing
Page 253 and 254:
Deployment is linkedto the creation
Page 255 and 256:
The variousproposals includedin thi
Page 258 and 259:
ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
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the President of the ICRC Expresses
Page 262 and 263:
al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
Page 264 and 265:
Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asF
Page 266:
Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
Page 269 and 270:
the Age of Technology).• Binsa‘
Page 271 and 272:
egional and international levels an
Page 274 and 275:
ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
Page 276 and 277:
indicators that make up the pillar.
Page 278 and 279:
countries’ rankings among the cou
Page 280 and 281:
of the Arab countries and suffer fr
Page 282 and 283:
Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284:
Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289:
STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 290 and 291:
Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountry
Page 292 and 293:
KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295:
Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297:
EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 298 and 299:
Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in
Page 300 and 301:
Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
Page 302 and 303:
Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
Page 304 and 305:
Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
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Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
Page 308 and 309:
Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
Page 310 and 311:
Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
Page 312 and 313:
Table 26: Distribution of graduates
Page 314 and 315:
Table 28: Estimated educational lev
Page 316 and 317:
Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
Page 318 and 319:
RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
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Table 34: Indicators on research an
Page 322 and 323:
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
Page 324 and 325:
FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
Page 326 and 327:
competition between the internet se
Page 328 and 329:
Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
Page 332:
United Nations Development Programm
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