Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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ANNEX 1. LIST OF BACKGROUNDPAPERS (AUTHOR NAME;PAPER TITLE)IN ARABIC:• ‘Abd al-Fadil, Mahmud – In‘ikasat al-Azma al-Maliyya al-‘Alamiyya ‘ala al-Iqtisadat wal-Mujtama‘at al-‘Arabiyya: Al-Khasa’ir wal-Furas (The Ramificationsof the World Financial Crisis for ArabEconomies and Societies: Losses andOpportunities).• ‘Ali, Nabil – Furas al-Isham al-Ma‘rifial-‘Arabi: Nathra Mustaqbaliyya(Opportunities for Arab KnowledgeContributions: A Look at the Future).• ‘Ali, Sa‘id Isma‘il – Mawqi‘ al-Ta‘limfi Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa bil-Mashriqal-‘Arabi (The Role of Education inthe Knowledge Society in the ArabMashriq).• ‘Arif, Muhammad – Harakat al-Kafa’atal-‘Arabiyya al-Iqlimiyya wal-Dawliyya(The Regional and InternationalMobility of Arab Trained Professionals).• Afaya, Nur al-Din – Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifawa-Ishkalat al-Huwiyya wal-‘Awlama(The Knowledge Society and theProblematics of Identity andGlobalization).• Al-‘Awwa, Nawwar – MustaqbalTaqniyyat al-Ma‘lumat wal-Ittisalat fial-‘Alam al-‘Arabi (The Future of ICTin the Arab World).• Al-Ayoubi, Zalpha – Al-Waqt al-Mukhassas li-Ta’lim kul min al-Mawadal-Ta’limiyya Fi Manaheg Marahel al-Ta’lim al-’am ma Qabl al-Jame’, fi al-Duwal al-’Arabiyya (Time Allocated forEach School Subject in the Curricula ofPublic Education Systems in the ArabCountries).• Al-‘Azmeh, ‘Aziz – Al-Ma‘rifa, Mujtama‘al-Ma‘rifa, al-Hurriyyat (Knowledge,the Knowledge Society, Freedoms).• Al-Dawway, ‘Abd al-Razzaq – Afkar minAjl Mudawwana Jadida li-AkhlaqiyyatMujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa (Thoughts on aNew Code of Ethics for the KnowledgeSociety).• Al-Diwahji, ‘Abd al-Ilah – Ada’ al-Buldan al-‘Arabiyya fi al-Tatbiqat al-Ma‘lumatiyya (The Performance of theArab Countries in ICT Applications).• Al-Musaddaq, Ruqayya – al-Mar’a al-‘Arabiyya wa Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa (ArabWomen and the Knowledge Society).• Al-Sa‘id, Muhammad and Ahmad ‘Abdal-Latif – Itahat al-Ma‘rifa wa-Tashri‘atHimayat al-Milkiyya al-Fikriyya fi al-Watan al-‘Arabi: Al-Tawajjuhat wal-Tahaddiyat (Access to Knowledge andLegislation on the Protection ofIntellectual Property in the Arab World:Trends and Challenges).• Al-Sellini, Naila – Islah al-Ta‘lim fiDuwal al-Maghrib (Educational Reformin the Maghrib Countries).• Al-Sharif, Hasan (a) – Al-Mardudal-Mujtama‘i wal-Iqtisadi lil-Ma‘rifa(The Social and Economic Return onKnowledge).• ––– (b) – Intaj wa-Nashr al-Ma‘rifaal-‘Ilmiyya (The Production andPublication of Scientific Knowledge).• Al-Wafi, al-‘Arabi – Marja‘iyyat Mujtama‘al-Ma‘rifa (Frames of Reference for theKnowledge Society).• Bakir, Mohammed – Qiyas wa-Tahlil al-Ma‘rifa fi al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya Ihsa’iyyan(The Measurement and Analysisof Knowledge in the Arab Countries, aStatistical Approach).• Bin ‘Abd al-‘Ali, ‘Abd al-Salam –Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa, al-Fada’at al-Iftiradiyya wa-‘Asr al-Taqniyya (TheKnowledge Society, Virtual Spaces andANNEX 1. LIST OF BACKGROUND PAPERS (AUTHOR NAME; PAPER TITLE)251
the Age of Technology).• Binsa‘id, Idris – Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa:Min Mujtama‘ al-I‘lam ila Mujtama‘atal-Ma‘rifa (The Knowledge Society:From the Media Society to KnowledgeSocieties).• Diyab, Asif and ‘Amr al-Armanazi –Malamih ‘Amma li-Barnamaj Nuhudbil-Wad‘ al-‘Arabi al-Rahin lil-‘Ulum wal-Thaqafa wal-Ibtikar (General Featuresof a Programme to Improve the CurrentArab Situation in the Sciences, Culture,and Creativity).• Fahs, Hani (a) – Al-‘Asabiyyat ‘A’iqanMa‘rifiyyan (Fanaticism as an Obstacleto Knowledge).• ––– (b) – Al-Nuhud al-Ma‘rifi al-‘Arabibayn Darurat al-Wifaq wa-Mashhadal-Shiqaq (The Arab KnowledgeRenaissance between the Need forAgreement and a Landscape ofDivision.• Firjani, Nadir (a) – Al-Taghayyur fi al-Siyaq al-Mujtama‘i lil-Ma‘rifa mundhual-‘Am 2003 (Change in the SocialContext of Knowledge since 2003).• ––– (b) – Al-Taghayyur fi Ma‘alimNasaq Iktisab al-Ma‘rifa mundhu al-‘Am 2003 (The Change in the Featuresof Knowledge Acquisition Systemssince 2003).• Ghubash, Rafi‘a ‘Ubayd and FathiMustafa al-Zayyat – Qadaya Tatwiral-Ta‘lim bayna Ta‘addud al-Mubadarat wa-‘Ajz al-Aliyyat (Issuesin the Development of Education:Multiple Initiatives and IneffectiveInstruments).• Hanafi, Sari – Dawr Abhath al-‘Ulumal-Ijtima‘iyya fi al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya fial-Ibtikarat al-‘Ilmiyya wal-Tanmiya al-Tiknulujiyya (The Role of Social ScienceResearch in Scientific Innovation andTechnological Development in theArab World).• Huwaydi, Fahmi – Al-Tatarruf wa-Atharuhu ‘ala Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa(Extremism and Its Effect on theKnowledge Society).• ‘Imara, Muhammad – Turathuna wa-Ma‘arif al-‘Asr (Our Heritage and theKnowledge of the Age).• Kallab, Ilham – Al-Ma‘rifa al-Ibda‘iyya(Creative Knowledge).• Kubursi, ‘Atif (a) – Al-Iqtisad al-Jadid(The New Economy).• ––– (b) – Iqtisad al-Ma‘rifa al-‘Arabi:Al-Ada’ al-Hali wa-Nazra ‘ala al-Mustaqbal (The Arab KnowledgeEconomy: Current Performance and aLook to the Future).• Labib, al-Tahir – Tatwir al-Thaqafa al-‘Arabiyya: I‘tibarat Asasiyya (DevelopingArab Culture: FundamentalConsiderations)• Lebanese Association for EducationalStudies, The – Taqwim Intaj al-Ma‘rifaal-Tarbawiyya fi al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya:Tatbiq ‘ala Madmun ‘Ayyina min al-Adabiyyat al-Tarbawiyya al-‘Arabiyyaal-Sadira fi al-‘Am 2007 (Evaluation ofEducational Knowledge Production inthe Arab Countries: A Content Analysisof a Sample of Arabic EducationalLiterature Published in 2007).• Tarabishi, George – Al-Turath wa al-Tanmiyya al-Ma’refiyya (Heritage andKnowledge Development).• Yaqtin, Sa‘id (a) – Min al-Ma‘rifa ilaMujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa (From Knowledgeto the Knowledge Society).• ––– (b) – Al-Lugha al-‘Arabiyya wa-Tahaddiyat Mujtama‘ al-Ma‘rifa (TheArabic Language and the Challenges ofthe Knowledge Society).IN ENGLISH:• Sakr, Naomi – The Impact of MediaLaws on Arab Digital and PrintContent.• Waked, Dina – Competition Law andits Impact on Knowledge Creation inthe Arab World.• Zahlan, A.B. – Some Observations onScience Policy in the Arab World.252 ARAB KNOWLEDGE REPORT 2009
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United Nations Development Programm
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This Report has been produced throu
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This year’s report may perhapsbes
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ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
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CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
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Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
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LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
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Figure 5-7 Published scientific art
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Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
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The knowledgefield and revolutionto
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The literature onhuman rights place
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Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
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Intercommunicationwith the self mea
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Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
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Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
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In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
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eversion, in many cases, is not ass
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Thus the Arab region in general, an
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knowledge over recent years. This w
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However, this progress remains limi
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CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
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The successfuldeployment ofthe know
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The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
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Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
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No one pursuesknowledge forits own
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The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
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The goal of thiscritical review isn
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In our bidfor economicand humandeve
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The political reformproject remains
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Globalisation isdependent oninforma
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The battle overknowledge in oursoci
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The most obviousexample of the gapb
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BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
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Collective humaneffort must bedirec
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End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
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technology infrastructure, blogs ar
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nations continue to occupy their pr
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to the third oil boom, which reache
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have realised a degree of progress
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FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
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and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
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solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
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specific cases.These flexibilities
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
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FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
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89Finland, for example, whose stude
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
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countries and the Arab countries. T
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Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
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of Arabic content and its low rate
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exchange of future technology servi
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of national partnerships aimed at s
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TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
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as the implementation of programmes
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BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
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of common principles that guarantee
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data from various sources and then
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FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
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processing and the methods and tool
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
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preservation and the consolidation
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21As a result of the nature of comp
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
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FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
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The extremely lowamounts spentby Ar
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It has become clearthat the wager o
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Joint researchprojects among Arabsc
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Theoretically, themore researcherst
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Average expenditureon scientific re
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BOX 5-6Jordan’s “A Professor in
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BOX 5-8For the last three decades,
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FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
Page 217 and 218: A review of theperiod from 2002to 2
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Page 225 and 226: Human capitalis among Arabcountries
Page 227 and 228: TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
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Page 231 and 232: End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
Page 234: CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
Page 237 and 238: The most conspicuousfeature of thek
Page 239 and 240: A review of nationalplans in the Ar
Page 241 and 242: The positiveachievements inthe Arab
Page 243 and 244: One of the keyfoundations of thevis
Page 245 and 246: Freedom andinstitutionalisationare
Page 247 and 248: Priorities are subjectto a great de
Page 249 and 250: If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
Page 251 and 252: The major challengelies in changing
Page 253 and 254: Deployment is linkedto the creation
Page 255 and 256: The variousproposals includedin thi
Page 258 and 259: ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
Page 260 and 261: the President of the ICRC Expresses
Page 262 and 263: al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
Page 264 and 265: Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asF
Page 266: Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
Page 271 and 272: egional and international levels an
Page 274 and 275: ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
Page 276 and 277: indicators that make up the pillar.
Page 278 and 279: countries’ rankings among the cou
Page 280 and 281: of the Arab countries and suffer fr
Page 282 and 283: Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284: Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289: STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 290 and 291: Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountry
Page 292 and 293: KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295: Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297: EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 298 and 299: Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in
Page 300 and 301: Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
Page 302 and 303: Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
Page 304 and 305: Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
Page 306 and 307: Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
Page 308 and 309: Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
Page 310 and 311: Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
Page 312 and 313: Table 26: Distribution of graduates
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Page 316 and 317: Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
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RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
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Table 34: Indicators on research an
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
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FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
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competition between the internet se
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Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
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United Nations Development Programm
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