Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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United Nations Development ProgrammeJointly sponsored by the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Foundation and the UnitedNations Development Programme / Regional Bureau for Arab States, this Report is the first ina series that address the state of knowledge in the Arab region with the view of knowledge asa primary avenue for renaissance and human development.The Report uses the concept of “knowledge” to embrace all forms of a society’sepistemological and cultural asset. It is viewed as a major organising principal of holistic humandevelopment, aiming to expand the choices and opportunities available to the individual Arabto enjoy freedom and an honorable life. Knowledge, in terms of its acquisition, production,indigenisation, and deployment, thus becomes a tool and goal that affects all levels of societyequally and involves all fields, from the scientific, artistic, cultural, and traditional to accumulatedsocietal experience.From this perspective, the Report discusses the broad features and key components of theknowledge society and the knowledge economy, and reviews the gap that divides the region fromthe advanced world. The report highlights many deficits in the various areas of knowledge,while stressing the pressing need for freedom as an essential prerequisite for establishing theknowledge society.Emphasising the triadic relationship among development, freedom, and knowledge, theReport views the upgrading of Arab knowledge performance as a gateway to the reform ofthe Arab development situation. Stressing the urgent need for action towards establishingthe knowledge society, and out of a belief in the right to knowledge and a conviction that itsdissemination is a societal responsibility, the Report also calls for better deployment of the Arabknowledge repertoire and for a productive intercommunication with the full range of globalknowledge.The Report concludes by putting forward a vision and a suggested action plan entailing a setof elements, practical mechanisms, and constructive action required to bridge the knowledgegap between the Arabs and the outside world on the one hand, and within the Arab countries onthe other, to keep pace with the ever-growing knowledge society and knowledge economy. TheReport does not claim that the proposed plans are either comprehensive or exhaustive, nor doesit claim to hold a monopoly over the truth or all the right answers in this field. The suggestedprogramme does, however, set down open horizons and motivating markers of the desiredknowledge routes that lead towards renaissance and comprehensive human development.
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United Nations Development Programm
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This Report has been produced throu
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This year’s report may perhapsbes
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ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
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CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
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Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
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LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
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Figure 5-7 Published scientific art
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Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
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The knowledgefield and revolutionto
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The literature onhuman rights place
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Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
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Intercommunicationwith the self mea
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Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
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Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
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In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
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eversion, in many cases, is not ass
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Thus the Arab region in general, an
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knowledge over recent years. This w
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However, this progress remains limi
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CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
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The successfuldeployment ofthe know
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The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
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Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
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No one pursuesknowledge forits own
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The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
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The goal of thiscritical review isn
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In our bidfor economicand humandeve
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The political reformproject remains
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Globalisation isdependent oninforma
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The battle overknowledge in oursoci
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The most obviousexample of the gapb
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BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
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Collective humaneffort must bedirec
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End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
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technology infrastructure, blogs ar
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nations continue to occupy their pr
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to the third oil boom, which reache
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have realised a degree of progress
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FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
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and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
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solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
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specific cases.These flexibilities
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
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FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
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89Finland, for example, whose stude
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
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countries and the Arab countries. T
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Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
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of Arabic content and its low rate
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exchange of future technology servi
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of national partnerships aimed at s
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TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
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as the implementation of programmes
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BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
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of common principles that guarantee
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data from various sources and then
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FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
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processing and the methods and tool
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
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preservation and the consolidation
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21As a result of the nature of comp
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
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FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
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The extremely lowamounts spentby Ar
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It has become clearthat the wager o
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Joint researchprojects among Arabsc
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Theoretically, themore researcherst
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Average expenditureon scientific re
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BOX 5-6Jordan’s “A Professor in
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BOX 5-8For the last three decades,
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FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
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A review of theperiod from 2002to 2
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Social scienceresearch holds aspeci
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Most Arabic-languageperiodicals in
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Arab societies arefilled with examp
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Human capitalis among Arabcountries
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TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
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It is ironic thatalthough the Arabw
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End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
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CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
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The most conspicuousfeature of thek
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A review of nationalplans in the Ar
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The positiveachievements inthe Arab
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One of the keyfoundations of thevis
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Freedom andinstitutionalisationare
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Priorities are subjectto a great de
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If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
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The major challengelies in changing
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Deployment is linkedto the creation
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The variousproposals includedin thi
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ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
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the President of the ICRC Expresses
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al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
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Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asF
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Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
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the Age of Technology).• Binsa‘
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egional and international levels an
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ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
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indicators that make up the pillar.
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countries’ rankings among the cou
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Page 282 and 283: Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284: Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289: STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 290 and 291: Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountry
Page 292 and 293: KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295: Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297: EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 298 and 299: Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in
Page 300 and 301: Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
Page 302 and 303: Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
Page 304 and 305: Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
Page 306 and 307: Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
Page 308 and 309: Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
Page 310 and 311: Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
Page 312 and 313: Table 26: Distribution of graduates
Page 314 and 315: Table 28: Estimated educational lev
Page 316 and 317: Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
Page 318 and 319: RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
Page 320 and 321: Table 34: Indicators on research an
Page 322 and 323: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
Page 324 and 325: FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
Page 326 and 327: competition between the internet se
Page 328 and 329: Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
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Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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