Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asFreedom. Oxford University Press.Shaver, Lea. ed. 2008. “Access toKnowledge in Brazil: New Researchon Intellectual Property, Innovationand Development.” The InformationSociety Project at Yale Law School,New Haven, CT.http://isp.law.yale.edu.Tinio, Victoria L. 2003. “ICT inEducation: e-Primers for theInformation Economy, Society andPolity.” UNDP, New York.TWAS (The Academy of Sciences for theDeveloping World Newsletter. 2005.“Arab Science, Numbers Count.”Vol.17, no.3.http://users.ictp.it/~twas/pdf/NL17_3_PDF/03-Arab_Facts_10-11_lo.pdf, on 13/1/2009.UNESCO. 2005. “Sixty Years of Scienceat UNESCO, 1945-2005” UNESCO,Ed.–––. 2007. “Philosophy: A School ofFreedom. Teaching philosophy andlearning to philosophize: Status andprospects.” UNESCO, Paris.–––. 2008a. “EFA Global MonitoringReport – Regional overview: ArabStates”. UNESCO, Paris.http://www.unesco.org/en/education/efareport/reports/2008-mid-term-review.–––. 2008b. “Draft Regional Report onArab Countries, Study on National.Research Systems,” Symposium onComparative Analysis of NationalResearch Systems, 16-18 January 2008.UNESCO, Paris.UNESCWA. 2008. “Development ofDigital Arabic Content: IncubationRequirements and Training Needs.”http://www.escwa.un.org/divisions/projects/dac/03dac.pdf.UNICEF. 2009. “At a Glance: OccupiedPalestinian Territory” on 10 March2009.http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/oPt.html.UNIDO. 2003. “Industrial DevelopmentReport, 2002/2003.”United Nations. 2008. UNE-Government Survey 2008. ST/ESA/PAD/SER.E/112. United Nations,New York.http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/UN/UNPAN028607.pdf.United Nations Conference on Tradeand Development (UNCTAD). 2008.“Handbook of Statistics Online 2008;Country Trade Structure by ProductGroup”. On 15 October 2008.http://stats.unctad.org/Handbook/Table Viewer/tableView.aspx.United Nations Office for theCoordination of HumanitarianAffairs/OCHA. 2006. “OCHAAnnual Report 2006. Activities andUse of Extra Budgetary Funds.”–––. 2008. CAP Iraq and the region.http://ochaonline.un.org/humanitarianappeal/webpage.asp?MenuID=12165&Page=1672.–––. 2009a. “Flash Appeal for OccupiedPalestinian Territory – Gaza 2009” on2 February 2009.http://ochaonline.un.org/humanitarianappeal/webpage.asp?Page=1740.–––. 2009b. “Occupied PalestinianTerritory – Gaza. Situation Report #19.” www.unfpa.org/emergencies/gaza/docs/ocha_30Jan09.pdf on 30January 2009.REFERENCES247
The World Bank. 2002. “ConstructingKnowledge Societies: New Challengesfor Tertiary Education.” TheInternational Bank for Reconstructionand Development/The World Bank,Washington, DC.–––. 2007a. “Building KnowledgeEconomies: Advanced Strategies forDevelopment.” The International Bankfor Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, DC.http://siteresources.worldbank.org/KFDLP/Resources/461197-1199907090464/BuildingKEbook.pdf.–––. 2007b. “The Road Not Traveled:Education Reform in the Middle Eastand North Africa.” Washington, DC.–––. 2009. “Middle East and North AfricaRegion: 2008 Economic Developmentand Prospects; Regional Integrationfor Global Competitiveness.” TheInternational Bank for Reconstructionand Development/The World Bank,Washington, D.C.http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTMENA/Resources/EDP2008_Full.pdf.The World Bank and the InternationalFinance Corporation. 2007. “DoingBusiness 2008.” The International Bankfor Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank, Washington, D.C.http://www.doingbusiness.org/documents/FullReport/2008/DB08_Full_Report.pdf.–––. 2008. “Doing Business inLandlocked Economies 2009.” TheInternational Bank for Reconstructionand Development/The World Bank,Washington, D.C.http://www.doingbusiness.org/documents/DB09_landlocked.pdf.The World Bank-InfoDev. 2005.“Knowledge Maps: ICT in Education.”World Bank, Washington, DC.World Economic Forum. 2006. “TheGlobal Information Technology Report,2006/2007.” Palgrave Macmillan,Basingstoke.–––. 2007. “The Arab WorldCompetitiveness Report 2007.” WorldEconomic Forum, Davos.http://www.weforum.org/en/initiatives/gcp/ArabWorldCompetitivenessReport/index.html.–––. 2008a. “The Global TechnologyReport, 2007/2008.” PalgraveMacmillan, Basingstoke.–––. 2008b. “The Global CompetitivenessReport, 2008/2009.”http://www.weforum.org/documents/gcr0809/index.html.–––. 2009. “The Global InformationTechnology Report 2008-2009: Mobilityin a Networked World.”Zahlan, A.B. 2004. “The Arab BrainDrain, Innovation and Development.”ALECSO-UNESCO Conference onthe Arab Brain Drain, Amman, 27November- 1 December, 2004.References in FrenchAlbert, Michel. 1991. Capitalisme ContreCapitalisme. Éditions du Seuil. Paris.Appadurai, Arjun. 2005. Après leColonialisme, les ConséquencesCulturelles de la Globalisation. ÉditionsPayot, Paris.Banque Mondiale. 2003. Construireles Sociétés du Savoir, NouveauxDéfis pour l’Enseignement Supérieur.Editions les Presses de l’UniversitéLaval, Quebec.Breton, Philippe. 1997. L’Utopie de laCommunication, Le Mythe du ‘VillagePlanétaire.’ Éditions la Découverte,Paris.248 ARAB KNOWLEDGE REPORT 2009
Page 1 and 2:
United Nations Development Programm
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This Report has been produced throu
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This year’s report may perhapsbes
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ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
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CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
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Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
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LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
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Figure 5-7 Published scientific art
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Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
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The knowledgefield and revolutionto
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The literature onhuman rights place
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Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
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Intercommunicationwith the self mea
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Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
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Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
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In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
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eversion, in many cases, is not ass
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Thus the Arab region in general, an
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knowledge over recent years. This w
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However, this progress remains limi
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CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
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The successfuldeployment ofthe know
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The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
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Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
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No one pursuesknowledge forits own
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The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
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The goal of thiscritical review isn
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In our bidfor economicand humandeve
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The political reformproject remains
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Globalisation isdependent oninforma
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The battle overknowledge in oursoci
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The most obviousexample of the gapb
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BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
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Collective humaneffort must bedirec
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End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
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technology infrastructure, blogs ar
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nations continue to occupy their pr
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to the third oil boom, which reache
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have realised a degree of progress
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FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
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and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
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solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
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specific cases.These flexibilities
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
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FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
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89Finland, for example, whose stude
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
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countries and the Arab countries. T
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Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
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of Arabic content and its low rate
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exchange of future technology servi
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of national partnerships aimed at s
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TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
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as the implementation of programmes
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BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
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of common principles that guarantee
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data from various sources and then
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FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
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processing and the methods and tool
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
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preservation and the consolidation
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21As a result of the nature of comp
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
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FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
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The extremely lowamounts spentby Ar
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It has become clearthat the wager o
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Joint researchprojects among Arabsc
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Theoretically, themore researcherst
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Average expenditureon scientific re
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BOX 5-6Jordan’s “A Professor in
Page 213 and 214: BOX 5-8For the last three decades,
Page 215 and 216: FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
Page 217 and 218: A review of theperiod from 2002to 2
Page 219 and 220: Social scienceresearch holds aspeci
Page 221 and 222: Most Arabic-languageperiodicals in
Page 223 and 224: Arab societies arefilled with examp
Page 225 and 226: Human capitalis among Arabcountries
Page 227 and 228: TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
Page 229 and 230: It is ironic thatalthough the Arabw
Page 231 and 232: End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
Page 234: CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
Page 237 and 238: The most conspicuousfeature of thek
Page 239 and 240: A review of nationalplans in the Ar
Page 241 and 242: The positiveachievements inthe Arab
Page 243 and 244: One of the keyfoundations of thevis
Page 245 and 246: Freedom andinstitutionalisationare
Page 247 and 248: Priorities are subjectto a great de
Page 249 and 250: If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
Page 251 and 252: The major challengelies in changing
Page 253 and 254: Deployment is linkedto the creation
Page 255 and 256: The variousproposals includedin thi
Page 258 and 259: ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
Page 260 and 261: the President of the ICRC Expresses
Page 262 and 263: al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
Page 266: Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
Page 269 and 270: the Age of Technology).• Binsa‘
Page 271 and 272: egional and international levels an
Page 274 and 275: ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
Page 276 and 277: indicators that make up the pillar.
Page 278 and 279: countries’ rankings among the cou
Page 280 and 281: of the Arab countries and suffer fr
Page 282 and 283: Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284: Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289: STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 290 and 291: Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountry
Page 292 and 293: KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295: Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297: EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 298 and 299: Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in
Page 300 and 301: Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
Page 302 and 303: Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
Page 304 and 305: Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
Page 306 and 307: Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
Page 308 and 309: Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
Page 310 and 311: Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
Page 312 and 313: Table 26: Distribution of graduates
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Table 28: Estimated educational lev
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Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
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RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
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Table 34: Indicators on research an
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
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FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
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competition between the internet se
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Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
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United Nations Development Programm
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