Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountryAnnualGDPgrowth2007(%)Inflationrate2007(%)Net foreigndirect investment(US$ millions)2004 2007Overallsurplus/deficitin budget2006 (US$millions)Militaryexpenditure(% of GDP)2007Balanceof trade2006(US$millions)Populationliving withoutelectricity2006(millions)Algeria 3 3.7 882 1665 15039 2.9 34060 0.6Bahrain 8 a 3.4 b 865 1756 1471 3.6 3138 0.0Djibouti 4 5.0 b 39 195 .. 4.2 c -294 ..Egypt 7 11.0 2157 11578 -8512 2.8 -8438 1.5Iraq .. .. 300 448 .. .. 6380 22Jordan 6 5.4 b 816 1835 -626 5.3 -5004 0.0Kuwait 10 a 5.0 b 24 123 23514 4.8 44284 0.0Lebanon 2 4.1 1993 2845 -3238 4.5 -5755 0.0Libya 7 6.7 b 357 2541 19415 2.0 24306 0.2Mauritania 2 7.3 392 153 968 3.6 199 ..Morocco 2 2.0 895 2577 -1253 4.5 -9396 4.5Occupied PalestinianTerritories-3 .. 49 21 .. .. .. ..Oman 6 a 5.5 b 229 2377 1450 11.9 11274 0.1Qatar 6 a 13.8 b 1199 1138 641 .. 15617 0.2Saudi Arabia 3 4.1 b 1942 24318 74763 8.2 149116 0.8Somalia .. .. -5 141 .. .. .. ..Sudan 10 8.0 1511 2436 -690 2.3 c -847 25.4Syria 7 7.0 b 275 885 -1698 5.1 -2240 1.9Tunisia 6 3.1 639 1618 -512 1.6 -2589 0.1UAE 8 a 11.0 b 10004 13253 19732 2.0 48877 0.4Yemen 4 12.5 b 144 464 174 7.0 2595 13.2(a) Figures from 2005. (b) Estimated inflation rate for 2007. (c) Figures from 2006.Sources:Column 1: World Bank, http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/DDPQQ/member.do?method=getMembers&userid=1&queryId=135 on 12 February 2009.Column 2: IMF, http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2008/01/weodata/download.aspx on 12 February 2009.Columns 3 and 4: UNCTAD database, http://stats.unctad.org/FDI/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=1254.Column 5: Arab Monetary Fund, 2008 http://www.amf.org.ae/pages/XlsToHtmlViewer.aspx?filename=uploads/Docs/ECONOMIC%20DEPT/Eco_Ind/INDFRM08.xls on 12 February 2009.Column 6: UNDP, Office of the Human Development Report, http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics on 12 February 2009.Column 7: OAPEC, Annual Statistical Report 2007, http://www.oapecorg.org/publications/ASR/A%20S%20R%202007.pdf on 12 February 2009.Column 8: UNDP, Office of the Human Development Report, http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics on 12 February 2009.STATISTICAL ANNEX273
Table 4: World Bank Knowledge Economy Index* (most recent compared to 1995)Country or region Most recent period 1995 ChangeArab countriesAlgeria 3.25 2.90 0.35Bahrain 6.02 6.89 -0.87Djibouti 1.15 2.65 -1.50Egypt 4.03 4.20 -0.17Jordan 5.53 5.08 0.45Kuwait 6.01 5.71 0.30Lebanon 4.86 4.99 -0.13Mauritania 2.35 1.79 0.56Morocco 3.45 3.68 -0.23Oman 5.37 4.71 0.66Qatar 6.15 5.81 0.34Saudi Arabia 5.15 4.66 0.49Sudan .. 1.40 ..Syria 2.90 3.04 -0.14Tunisia 4.73 4.10 0.63UAE 6.66 6.22 0.44Yemen 1.80 1.83 -0.03Neighbouring and comparison countriesIran 3.39 3.15 0.24Turkey 5.61 5.41 0.20Israel 8.22 8.45 -0.23Cyprus 7.55 7.49 0.06Malaysia 6.06 6.03 0.03India 3.12 3.14 -0.02China 4.35 3.43 0.92Top-ranking countriesDenmark 9.58 9.59 -0.01Sweden 9.52 9.48 0.04Finland 9.37 9.56 -0.19Holland 9.32 9.49 -0.17Canada 9.21 9.23 -0.02US 9.08 9.50 -0.42UK 9.09 9.39 -0.30Geographic regions of the worldMiddle East and North Africa 5.38 5.48 -0.10Africa 2.80 3.13 -0.33East Asia and the Pacific 6.59 7.05 -0.46Europe and Central Asia 6.35 6.06 0.29G7 8.76 9.07 -0.31Latin America 5.07 5.40 -0.33South Asia 2.53 2.57 -0.04Income levelHigh-income states 8.31 8.61 -0.30Upper-middle-income states 6.21 6.11 0.10Lower-middle-income states 4.10 4.18 -0.08Low-income states 2.08 2.29 -0.21World 8.01 8.18 -0.17Source: World Bank database, Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM), http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM_page6.asp on 13 February 2009.* The Knowledge Economy Index is calculated from twelve indicators. Values are on a scale of 0-10; the top 10 per cent of states score in the range 9-10, the next highest10 per cent of states score in the range 8-9 and so on.274 ARAB KNOWLEDGE REPORT 2009
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United Nations Development Programm
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This Report has been produced throu
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This year’s report may perhapsbes
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ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
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CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
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Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
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LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
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Figure 5-7 Published scientific art
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Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
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The knowledgefield and revolutionto
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The literature onhuman rights place
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Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
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Intercommunicationwith the self mea
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Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
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Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
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In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
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eversion, in many cases, is not ass
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Thus the Arab region in general, an
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knowledge over recent years. This w
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However, this progress remains limi
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CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
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The successfuldeployment ofthe know
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The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
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Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
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No one pursuesknowledge forits own
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The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
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The goal of thiscritical review isn
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In our bidfor economicand humandeve
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The political reformproject remains
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Globalisation isdependent oninforma
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The battle overknowledge in oursoci
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The most obviousexample of the gapb
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BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
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Collective humaneffort must bedirec
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End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
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technology infrastructure, blogs ar
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nations continue to occupy their pr
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to the third oil boom, which reache
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have realised a degree of progress
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FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
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and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
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solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
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specific cases.These flexibilities
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
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FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
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89Finland, for example, whose stude
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
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countries and the Arab countries. T
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Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
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of Arabic content and its low rate
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exchange of future technology servi
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of national partnerships aimed at s
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TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
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as the implementation of programmes
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BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
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of common principles that guarantee
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data from various sources and then
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FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
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processing and the methods and tool
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
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preservation and the consolidation
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21As a result of the nature of comp
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
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FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
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The extremely lowamounts spentby Ar
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It has become clearthat the wager o
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Joint researchprojects among Arabsc
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Theoretically, themore researcherst
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Average expenditureon scientific re
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BOX 5-6Jordan’s “A Professor in
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BOX 5-8For the last three decades,
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FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
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A review of theperiod from 2002to 2
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Social scienceresearch holds aspeci
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Most Arabic-languageperiodicals in
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Arab societies arefilled with examp
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Human capitalis among Arabcountries
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TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
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It is ironic thatalthough the Arabw
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End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
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CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
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The most conspicuousfeature of thek
Page 239 and 240: A review of nationalplans in the Ar
Page 241 and 242: The positiveachievements inthe Arab
Page 243 and 244: One of the keyfoundations of thevis
Page 245 and 246: Freedom andinstitutionalisationare
Page 247 and 248: Priorities are subjectto a great de
Page 249 and 250: If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
Page 251 and 252: The major challengelies in changing
Page 253 and 254: Deployment is linkedto the creation
Page 255 and 256: The variousproposals includedin thi
Page 258 and 259: ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
Page 260 and 261: the President of the ICRC Expresses
Page 262 and 263: al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
Page 264 and 265: Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asF
Page 266: Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
Page 269 and 270: the Age of Technology).• Binsa‘
Page 271 and 272: egional and international levels an
Page 274 and 275: ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
Page 276 and 277: indicators that make up the pillar.
Page 278 and 279: countries’ rankings among the cou
Page 280 and 281: of the Arab countries and suffer fr
Page 282 and 283: Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284: Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289: STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 292 and 293: KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295: Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297: EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 298 and 299: Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in
Page 300 and 301: Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
Page 302 and 303: Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
Page 304 and 305: Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
Page 306 and 307: Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
Page 308 and 309: Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
Page 310 and 311: Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
Page 312 and 313: Table 26: Distribution of graduates
Page 314 and 315: Table 28: Estimated educational lev
Page 316 and 317: Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
Page 318 and 319: RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
Page 320 and 321: Table 34: Indicators on research an
Page 322 and 323: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
Page 324 and 325: FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
Page 326 and 327: competition between the internet se
Page 328 and 329: Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
Page 332: United Nations Development Programm
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