Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in tertiary education in the Arab states by gender, 1980 and 2005CountryMale(%)1980 (or closest three years) 2005 (or closest three years)Female(%)Total(%)GenderparityindexMale(%)Female(%)Total(%)GenderparityindexAlgeria 9 3 6 0.33 19 24 21 1.26Bahrain 5 5 5 1.00 20 48 33 2.40Comoros < 1 < 1 < 1 .. 3 2 2 0.67Djibouti < 1 < 1 < 1 .. 2 2 2 1.00Egypt 21 11 16 0.52 .. .. 35 ..Iraq 12 6 9 0.50 20 12 16 0.60Jordan 14 13 13 0.93 39 41 40 1.05Kuwait 9 15 11 1.67 10 29 19 2.90Lebanon 41 21 30 0.51 44 49 46 1.11Libya 11 4 8 0.36 53 58 56 1.09Mauritania 4 2 3 0.50 5 2 3 0.40Morocco 9 3 6 0.33 13 10 11 0.77Occupied PalestinianTerritories.. .. .. .. 40 42 41 1.05Oman < 1 < 1 < 1 .. 18 19 18 1.06Qatar 6 17 10 2.83 10 33 19 3.30Saudi Arabia 9 5 7 0.56 24 35 29 1.46Somalia 1
Table 12: World Bank Education and Human Resources Index * (KAM) (most recent compared to 1995)Country or region Most recent period 1995 ChangeArab countriesAlgeria 3.64 3.50 0.14Bahrain 5.82 6.32 -0.50Djibouti 0.49 0.78 -0.29Egypt 4.35 4.31 0.04Jordan 5.49 4.50 0.99Kuwait 4.87 4.61 0.26Lebanon 4.76 5.84 -1.08Mauritania 0.94 1.11 -0.17Morocco 2.00 2.44 -0.44Oman 4.30 3.13 1.17Qatar 5.29 5.55 -0.26Saudi Arabia 4.87 3.86 1.01Sudan .. 1.59 ..Syria 2.91 3.31 -0.40Tunisia 4.10 3.50 0.60UAE 4.78 4.27 0.51Yemen 1.83 1.54 0.29Neighbouring and comparison countriesIran 3.89 4.44 -0.55Turkey 4.38 4.42 -0.04Israel 6.72 7.39 -0.67Cyprus 6.45 6.09 0.36Malaysia 4.14 4.16 -0.02India 2.26 2.56 -0.30China 4.11 3.62 0.49Top-ranking countriesDenmark 9.80 9.61 0.19Sweden 9.40 9.59 -0.19Finland 9.78 9.74 0.04Holland 9.26 9.69 -0.43Canada 9.26 9.69 -0.43US 8.77 9.42 -0.65UK 8.54 9.69 -1.15Geographic regions of the worldMiddle East and North Africa 3.69 3.97 -0.28Africa 1.46 1.68 -0.22Europe and Central Asia 6.74 6.65 0.09G7 8.73 9.09 -0.36Latin America 4.39 4.64 -0.25South Asia 1.89 2.14 -0.25Western Europe 8.16 8.61 -0.45Income LevelHigh income states 7.60 7.81 -0.21Upper middle income states 5.89 5.76 0.13Lower middle income states 3.61 4.02 -0.41Low income states 1.71 1.87 -0.16World 4.16 4.82 -0.66Source: World Bank database (Knowledge Assessment Methodology), http://info.worldbank.org/etools/kam2/KAM_page6.asp on 13 February 2009.* The index value falls on a scale of 0-10 and is calculated from three key indicators: adult literacy rate, secondary enrolment, and tertiary enrolment. The top 10 per cent of states score in therange 9-10, the next highest 10 per cent of states score in the range 8-9 and so on.282 ARAB KNOWLEDGE REPORT 2009
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United Nations Development Programm
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This Report has been produced throu
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This year’s report may perhapsbes
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ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
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CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
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Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
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LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
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Figure 5-7 Published scientific art
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Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
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The knowledgefield and revolutionto
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The literature onhuman rights place
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Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
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Intercommunicationwith the self mea
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Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
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Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
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In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
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eversion, in many cases, is not ass
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Thus the Arab region in general, an
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knowledge over recent years. This w
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However, this progress remains limi
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CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
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The successfuldeployment ofthe know
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The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
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Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
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No one pursuesknowledge forits own
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The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
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The goal of thiscritical review isn
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In our bidfor economicand humandeve
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The political reformproject remains
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Globalisation isdependent oninforma
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The battle overknowledge in oursoci
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The most obviousexample of the gapb
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BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
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Collective humaneffort must bedirec
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End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
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technology infrastructure, blogs ar
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nations continue to occupy their pr
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to the third oil boom, which reache
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have realised a degree of progress
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FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
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and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
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solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
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specific cases.These flexibilities
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
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FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
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89Finland, for example, whose stude
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
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countries and the Arab countries. T
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Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
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of Arabic content and its low rate
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exchange of future technology servi
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of national partnerships aimed at s
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TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
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as the implementation of programmes
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BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
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of common principles that guarantee
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data from various sources and then
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FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
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processing and the methods and tool
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
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preservation and the consolidation
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21As a result of the nature of comp
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
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FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
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The extremely lowamounts spentby Ar
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It has become clearthat the wager o
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Joint researchprojects among Arabsc
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Theoretically, themore researcherst
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Average expenditureon scientific re
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BOX 5-6Jordan’s “A Professor in
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BOX 5-8For the last three decades,
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FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
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A review of theperiod from 2002to 2
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Social scienceresearch holds aspeci
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Most Arabic-languageperiodicals in
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Arab societies arefilled with examp
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Human capitalis among Arabcountries
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TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
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It is ironic thatalthough the Arabw
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End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
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CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
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The most conspicuousfeature of thek
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A review of nationalplans in the Ar
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The positiveachievements inthe Arab
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One of the keyfoundations of thevis
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Freedom andinstitutionalisationare
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Page 249 and 250: If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
Page 251 and 252: The major challengelies in changing
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Page 255 and 256: The variousproposals includedin thi
Page 258 and 259: ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
Page 260 and 261: the President of the ICRC Expresses
Page 262 and 263: al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
Page 264 and 265: Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asF
Page 266: Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
Page 269 and 270: the Age of Technology).• Binsa‘
Page 271 and 272: egional and international levels an
Page 274 and 275: ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
Page 276 and 277: indicators that make up the pillar.
Page 278 and 279: countries’ rankings among the cou
Page 280 and 281: of the Arab countries and suffer fr
Page 282 and 283: Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284: Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289: STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 290 and 291: Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountry
Page 292 and 293: KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295: Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297: EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 300 and 301: Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
Page 302 and 303: Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
Page 304 and 305: Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
Page 306 and 307: Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
Page 308 and 309: Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
Page 310 and 311: Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
Page 312 and 313: Table 26: Distribution of graduates
Page 314 and 315: Table 28: Estimated educational lev
Page 316 and 317: Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
Page 318 and 319: RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
Page 320 and 321: Table 34: Indicators on research an
Page 322 and 323: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
Page 324 and 325: FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
Page 326 and 327: competition between the internet se
Page 328 and 329: Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
Page 332: United Nations Development Programm
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