Arab Knowledge Report 2009: Towards Productive

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ACTION TO DEPLOYKNOWLEDGEAction on the axis of knowledgedeployment–with its various fields andactivities–is linked to action on the twoprevious axes, of enablement and ofindigenisation. Perhaps this division is anoutcome of methodological necessity,for enablement is indigenisation andindigenisation is deployment. The processof building knowledge and a knowledgesociety in the Arab world is composedin interrelated fashion of the three axesunder discussion. We should not expectindigenisation to bring about deployment;rather, we should practice deploymentthrough indigenisation. Similarly, theenabling environment lets us achieveindigenisation. However, division of thecomposite and inteactive project in theproposed plan is included within theimplementing mechanisms, which weassume will be continuous.Perhaps the acts of enablement,indigenisation, and deployment takentogether absorb other linked processes,even though they may occur, collectively orindividually, according to a methodologyof separation.There is an element that regulates thedifferent actions. This is related to theprinciple of openness to the knowledgegains of the age, intercommunication withits achievements, and preparation of thematerial, institutional, and educationalapparatus to qualify our societies to closeknowledge gaps and enter the newknowledge society.In the sense of this axis, the word“deployment” means the use of newmechanisms, information, and approachesto work, deriving from the knowledgerevolution in the economy and society. Itsresonances, however, may fall short ofcomprehending the entirety of the taskwith which it is charged. From thisfollows our insistence that what is meantWe should notexpect indigenisationto bring aboutdeployment; rather,we should practicedeployment throughindigenisationFIGURE 6-4Priorities for action to build the elements of the knowledge society in the Arab worldKnowledge deploymentImmediateactionMedium-termactionLong-termactionEstablishment of a relationshipbetween production (services andgoods) and knowledgeContinuous linkage toeconomic and socialdevelopment plansContinuous linkage to the needsand applications of developmentin its various aspectsContinuous development ofeducation and academic andvocational trainingContinuous measurementof progress (assessmentand review system)ContinuousContinuousContinuousContinuousContinuousBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY IN THE ARAB WORLD: A VISION AND A PLAN235
Deployment is linkedto the creation andreproduction ofmethods capableof turning theknowledge societyand economy ina direction thatconfronts the needsand satisfies thegrowing desiresof peopleby deployment transcends the merelymechanical and imitative use of tools toassist knowledge and the service economy.It is linked to the creation and reproductionof methods capable of turning theknowledge society and economy in adirection that confronts the needs andsatisfies the growing desires of peoplein a world marked increasingly by thephenomena of consumption. In responseto these desires, the rhythm of productionis rising, and companies, entrepreneurs,and minds are in competition to createmarkets that follow particular cycles inorder to accommodate the increase inproduction.Most of the actions in this axis aresplit between the medium and long termand operate in the field of planning andimplementation with regard to economic,social, and cultural development,the strengthening of ties betweenproduction and knowledge, and the fieldsof academic and vocational training. Here,aim is to make us capable of successfullydeploying the fruits of the knowledgesociety and economy in the service ofhuman development in its broadest sense.One of the most important of thesegoals is the establishment of a strongrelationship between production andsociety’s developmental needs on the onehand, and knowledge on the other, sinceit is no longer possible for new modes ofthe service and commodity economy todevelop—in societies whose needs andaspirations are developing at break-neckspeed—without being based on gains inknowledge. Economic movements in thetourism sectors, in market creation, ande-commerce, for example, have beguntoday to create economic, social,managerial, and financial spaces whoselaws and prospects of liberalisation wecannot yet regulate. There must, therefore,be greater deployment of these methodsand mechanisms if we are to empowerourselves to enter the new fields of theknowledge society and economy, with allthe horizons that this opens for work anddevelopment.A further action whose effect willlikewise be felt over the long term withregard to knowledge deployment is thestrengthening of channels of supportfor criticality in Arabic culture. Theachievements of the new knowledge andthe new methods for the deployment ofA further actionwhose effect will befelt over the longterm with regardto knowledgedeployment is thestrengthening ofchannels of supportfor criticality inArabic cultureBOX 6-4Scientific Progress and Social ProgressIt cannot be denied that any society can onlyovercome poverty, ignorance, and disease by meansof the acquisition of modern science, hence sciencehas basically come to mean the increase in thereturns of human labor [...]There is [...] a real question posed by the scientificrevolution’s relationship with the social revolution:is the first conditional on the second–as asserted byMarxists and other social scientists? Or is the firstcapable of suppressing the second–as hoped by theconservative and liberal leaders of the West?This is a major problem, but an accidental one,if that is the right expression. The political andsocial revolution removes the barriers and obstacleswithout itself solving the tangible existing problems.Revolution does not make the poor rich, educate theignorant, or cure the sick, but it opens the way to thescience that alone can undertake these tasks.Revolution distributes inherited good: sciencealone creates new good. Revolution generalises preformedculture: modern science alone expands thehorizons of knowledge and increases the numberof specialisations. It is true, therefore, that in allcircumstances and conditions, scientific progressand social progress are in balance. However, in thelight of current global conditions, what is the useof saying that science will in the long term solveall human difficulties? Today’s world is dividedinto cultural and national blocs, and debate musttherefore be confined to the scope of each bloc.With respect to the Arab bloc the question posedis, what is the role of modern science in the Arabconception of the present and the future–bearing inmind that this general formulation comprises manysubsidiary issues, most important among which arethe role of science in Arab society and thought,the share of the Arabs in scientific progress in thepast and present, the contribution of science to thesolution of Arab problems, and the current Arabconcern for science.Source: ‘Abdalla al-‘Urawi, Thaqafatuna fi Daw’ al-Tarikh (Our Culture in the Light of History), Arab Cultural Centre, Beirut, 1983, pp.116-17.236 ARAB KNOWLEDGE REPORT 2009
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United Nations Development Programm
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This Report has been produced throu
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This year’s report may perhapsbes
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ICT in the Arab countries and reinf
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CONTENTSPREAMBLEIntroductionPrelimi
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Quantitative indicatorsTertiary edu
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LIST OF BOXESBox 1 The Effect of th
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Figure 5-7 Published scientific art
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Table 21 Time devoted to secondary
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The knowledgefield and revolutionto
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The literature onhuman rights place
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Arabic istechnologicallypoor in com
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Intercommunicationwith the self mea
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Table 2CountryGroupGroup 1: Oilecon
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Figure 2504540353025201510508070605
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In the period2003-2007, morethan 83
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eversion, in many cases, is not ass
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Thus the Arab region in general, an
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knowledge over recent years. This w
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However, this progress remains limi
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CHAPTER ONETHE THEORETICAL FRAMEWOR
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The successfuldeployment ofthe know
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The knowledgerevolution atthe end o
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Technology, theeconomy, andsociety,
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No one pursuesknowledge forits own
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The Report adoptsa concept ofknowle
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The goal of thiscritical review isn
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In our bidfor economicand humandeve
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The political reformproject remains
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Globalisation isdependent oninforma
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The battle overknowledge in oursoci
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The most obviousexample of the gapb
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BOX 1-9The Virtual as an Interrogat
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The upsurge intechnologicalprowess
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Collective humaneffort must bedirec
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End Notes1Epistemic saturation refe
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CHAPTER TWOARAB KNOWLEDGE PERFORMAN
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current economic crisis in the autu
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FIGURE 2-3Perceptions of corruption
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technology infrastructure, blogs ar
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nations continue to occupy their pr
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to the third oil boom, which reache
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have realised a degree of progress
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FIGURE 2-8Index of global competiti
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FIGURE 2-10Net exports of manufactu
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namely the spread of poverty, socia
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TABLE 2-2Arab Countries according t
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while some of these nine countries
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and political participation. All of
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first INTEL computer club; INTELis
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from the ages of thirteen to twenty
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solutions that allow use of the ava
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to this trajectory, a consumer, not
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specific cases.These flexibilities
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CHAPTER THREEEDUCATION AND THE FORM
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FIGURE 3-1Education and human resou
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of the qualitative knowledge capita
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TABLE 3-1CountryOpportunities for b
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Virtually the only area in which Ar
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must possess if they aspire to part
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TABLE 3-2Opportunities for the form
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General secondary education andthe
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elatively high enrolment rates of b
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Available data shows large discrepa
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TABLE 3-3Comparison of overall resu
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females. According to this data, to
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show educational accomplishments am
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inroads well beyond their current f
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FIGURE 3-6aMaths performance of eig
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BOX 3-8The Contribution of Non-Publ
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Kuwait, and the worst performers su
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emained encumbered by the prevailin
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eveal the breadth of the gap that c
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countries and providing a picture o
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information systems. The available
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89Finland, for example, whose stude
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CHAPTER FOURINFORMATION AND COMMUNI
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FIGURE 4-1ICT index values for Arab
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countries and the Arab countries. T
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Arab countries-Egypt, Algeria, Leba
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of Arabic content and its low rate
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exchange of future technology servi
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of national partnerships aimed at s
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TABLE 4-2Readiness of Arab countrie
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as the implementation of programmes
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BOX 4-2Evaluating the Performance o
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of common principles that guarantee
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data from various sources and then
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FIGURE 4-11Paper consumption and in
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processing and the methods and tool
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TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEAND FUTURE INI
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within bounds that do not hinder bu
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preservation and the consolidation
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21As a result of the nature of comp
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CHAPTER FIVEARAB PERFORMANCE IN RES
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FIGURE 5-1Innovation system index f
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Page 209 and 210: Average expenditureon scientific re
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Page 215 and 216: FIGURE 5-7Published scientific arti
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Page 227 and 228: TABLE 5-12Trade in technological pr
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Page 231 and 232: End Notes1UNESCO Institute for Stat
Page 234: CHAPTER SIXBUILDING THE KNOWLEDGE S
Page 237 and 238: The most conspicuousfeature of thek
Page 239 and 240: A review of nationalplans in the Ar
Page 241 and 242: The positiveachievements inthe Arab
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Page 249 and 250: If we admit thatlanguage is avehicl
Page 251: The major challengelies in changing
Page 255 and 256: The variousproposals includedin thi
Page 258 and 259: ReferencesReferences in Arabic‘Ab
Page 260 and 261: the President of the ICRC Expresses
Page 262 and 263: al-Duwal al-‘Arabiyya, UNESCO’s
Page 264 and 265: Sen, Amartya. 1999. Development asF
Page 266: Castells, Manuel. (1998/2001). LaSo
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Page 271 and 272: egional and international levels an
Page 274 and 275: ANNEX 3. MEASUREMENT OF THE ARABCOU
Page 276 and 277: indicators that make up the pillar.
Page 278 and 279: countries’ rankings among the cou
Page 280 and 281: of the Arab countries and suffer fr
Page 282 and 283: Freedom House and Heritage Institut
Page 284: Endnotes* This annex was prepared b
Page 288 and 289: STATISTICAL ANNEXGENERAL INDICATORS
Page 290 and 291: Table 3: Economic IndicatorsCountry
Page 292 and 293: KNOWLEDGE PERFORMANCE ENVIRONMENTST
Page 294 and 295: Table 7: Press Freedom Index in the
Page 296 and 297: EDUCATIONTable 9: Adult literacy ra
Page 298 and 299: Table 11: Gross enrolment ratios in
Page 300 and 301: Table 13: Adult illiterate populati
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Table 16: Net and gross enrolment i
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Table 18: Lessons in basic educatio
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Table 20: Literacy rates among youn
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Table 22: Evolution of enrolment ra
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Table 24: Student enrolment rates i
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Table 26: Distribution of graduates
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Table 28: Estimated educational lev
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Table 30: Enrolment rates in non-go
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RESEARCH AND INNOVATIONTable 32: Nu
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Table 34: Indicators on research an
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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHN
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FIGURE b-2Growth in average number
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competition between the internet se
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Table c-4: Ranking of a group of Ar
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United Nations Development Programm
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