NIST Technical Note 1337: Characterization of Clocks and Oscillators

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-flO• r.1OSP1 t(f2-,~ 1Ci~-/'10 f6"I~t~1---__-00-w~II ,FIGURE 12.6a FIGURE 12.7a~'2,~l\~l'!'1.~?iJ".10'\oI1-flO l(/l-f2O ~ J1-00 tP.f'tO rd'-eo d>-1100 .",.~-. 1-. 10-. 1(lOo,. _ ,~.~ 1I'C,t'l~}FIGURE 12.6b FIGURE 12.7b~-10 td-100 ,,fJ-110 ttJf-m ~(j f(/J-00 t6~-f1IO ,eI'.~ t1':>-w Id'... .. .. ,FIGURE 12.6c FIGURE 12.7c40TN-53
.""-1= 10-flO ,(;042-1.:20 S () 10IS f -~-,~ 10-/"10 rbl'1-150 rbI'S....-1(,0 10A- 'lO-100.11)10to'..,fO~o:a.ss t>J;:VIC£ '10S£ (_1ST""-.tt!>'~ CA'P.6C.1OlHl~'~'f NOSE ~ UP__.:l'SIS·to10~,6'~ (t) ~ .~~ Iif'161il fS10'"FIGURE 12.10Y1:lOH:. Xol-lz 1Hz. ~ IDJ< jlXXl"j,:~,~~,+FIGURE 12.1141TN-54
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Characterization ofClocks and Oscil
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PREFACEFor many years following its
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0 • • • • • • • •
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0 •• 0 •• 0 •• 0 •
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TOPICAL INDEX TO ALL PAPERSThe foll
Page 11 and 12: of the wide range of measurement si
Page 13 and 14: The first of these (D.l) by Lesage
Page 15 and 16: Table 1. Guide to Selection of Meas
Page 17 and 18: 10- 1410- 15c-een10- 1610- 1710- 18
Page 19 and 20: Table 2. Ratio of mod a~('r) to a~(
Page 21 and 22: of the frequency measured in this m
Page 23 and 24: From: Proceedings of the 35th Annua
Page 25 and 26: where V0 ;: nomi na I peak vo Itage
Page 27 and 28: ports of the pair of double balance
Page 29 and 30: fluctuations prior to the bias box
Page 31 and 32: up an interesting hierarchy of kind
Page 33 and 34: is determi ned by the measurement s
Page 35 and 36: Since each average of the fractiona
Page 37 and 38: Thus. with 9~ probability the calcu
Page 39 and 40: in fact. Also for n=l the "experime
Page 41 and 42: 1n tenns of the typical performance
Page 43 and 44: and eq (1.1) we get2m>(t) = ~T(t) =
Page 45 and 46: varactor control in th@ reference o
Page 47: V nn5(45 Hz) = 100 nV por root hort
Page 50 and 51: We can use the convolution theorem
Page 52 and 53: though the concept of harmonics in
Page 54 and 55: and wz(t) is now the si!npled versi
Page 56 and 57: 10.7 Time Domain-Frequency Domain T
Page 58 and 59: o/(t). In the table, the left colum
Page 60 and 61: Weean make the following general re
Page 64 and 65: frequency extent of the analysis ba
Page 66 and 67: 28. P. Kartaschoff and J. Barnes, "
Page 68 and 69: _--_._~--~II..gIIIIII1.......oIIIII
Page 70 and 71: From: Precision FrequenC)' Control,
Page 72 and 73: 12 FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASUREMENT 1
Page 74 and 75: 12 FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASUREMENT19
Page 80 and 81: 12 FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASUREMENT 2
Page 82 and 83: 12 FREOU::NCY AND TIME MEASUREMENT2
Page 90 and 91: 12 FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASUREMENTI~
Page 94 and 95: 12 FREOUENCV AND TIME MEASUREMENT21
Page 96: 12 FREQUENCY AND TIME MEASUREMENT21
Page 107 and 108: 228 SAMUEL R. STEIN9.3 GHzOSCILLATO
Page 109 and 110: 230 SAMUEL R. STEINThe combination
Page 111 and 112: 232 SAMUEl R STEINHowever, the spec
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400 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESAllan. D.
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402 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESBaugh. R.
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404 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESConway. A
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406 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESGardner.
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408 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESJackisch.
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410 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESlesage. P
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412 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESPaul. F.
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414 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESSorden. J
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416 CHAPTER BIBLIOGRAPHIESYoshimura
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648IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS
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650 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONIC
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652 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONIC
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS. F
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Powet spectral analysis of the outp
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major difficulty is designing a mix
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The phase noise in the source can c
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detail elsewhere [12]. The low pass
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NJ:",--0~.8~..(/)-110-1:20-130-140m
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is ~he preferred measure, since, un
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2. Copy.r,ion Beeween Frequency and
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All.n, D. Y., .nd D...s, H., Picose
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105Characterization of Frequency St
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B'R:sES et ai.: ClHR.,CTY.RIZHIO:-r
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e4.RNES et al.: CH."R.ACTERrZ.4.TIO
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MII.NES et al.. CHAIl.ACfERlZATlO:-
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:l frequcllcy ~eparatioll froll1 th
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MRNES et al.: CHARACTERIZATION OF F
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B\R~f:S eL al.: CIHRACTERIZ.,TIOI<
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8IR:-IES et al.: CH.'R.'CTER[Z.
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142 Rep. 580--2Reprinted, with perm
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i44 Rep. 580-2If the initial sampli
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146 Rep. 580-2The values of ha are
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148 Rep. SSO-2TABLE II - Translalio
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ISO Rep. 580-2, 738-2BIBLIOGRAPHYAL
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522 LESAGE AND AUDOIN01., 1971J:S,I
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524 LESAGE AND AUDOINKl- 1410- 11 \
Page 185 and 186:
526LESAGE AND AUDOINQuartz ClJstalF
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528 LESAGE AND AUDOINMinrFrequent,r
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530 LESAGE AND AUOOINsuch as c:r;(T
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532 LESAGE AND AUDOINl.l-TEquations
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534 LESAGE AND AUDOINof measurement
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LESAGE AND AUDOIN2 - Vo )]53610- 1
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538 LESAGE AND AUWINstability measu
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Copyright Ie) 1984 Academic Press.
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7. PHASE NOISE AND AM NOISE MEASURE
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7. PHASE ~OISE AND AM NOISE MEASURE
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7. PHASE :'-iOrSE AND AM NOISE MEAS
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or, in rms radians,7. PHASE !'rOISE
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i. PHASE :-JOISE AND AM NOISE MEASU
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7. PHASE ~OISE AND AM NOISE MEASVRE
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Page 231 and 232:
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7. PHASE NOISE AND AM :>lOISE MEASU
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_~ ~A _7. PHASE NOISE AND AM NOISE
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average frequency over the interval
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and frequency stability of precisio
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PHASE P~OT Clook No. ~- e I"d,....
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BL-\5ES .-\.\D \·A.Rl.-\.\CES OF S
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to a g
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while the Hanning ""!Odo"" yIelds1.
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Proc. 35th Ann. Freq. Control Sympo
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N-3n+lEj=1Mod Oy2 (t) =0 2(t) {.! +
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(a)1SIMULATED NOISE(b)1-10- 2- --10
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATlO
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUYlENTATI
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From: Proceedings of the 15th Annua
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where c = Dr/2. In regression analy
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'" Dr 22 = -7.507E-16 (about -6.5E-
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Coefficient of simple determination
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100%CUMULATIVE PERIODOGRAM ~50%(,
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100%CUMULATIVE PER I ODOGRAM50%U'10
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TABLE 6.STANDARD DEVIATIONSPROCEDUR
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APPENDIX AREGRESSION ANALYSIS(Equal
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andG == N (N - 1) (N - 2)Also, the
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APPENDIX BREGRESSIONS ON LINEAR AND
Page 293 and 294:
REFERENCES1. D.W. Allan, "The Measu
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5.12 )( 10 - 7 SEC
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100%CUMULATIVE PERIODOGRAM -50%U'
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100%CUMULATIVE PERIODOGRAM50%(J'l..
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FREQUENCY DRIFT AND WHITESTANDARD D
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MR. McCASKILL:Well, let me go furth
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NIST Technical Note 1318, 1990.VARI
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By definition, white noise has a po
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where aZ(N,T,r) is the expected sam
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Some useful asymptotic forms of B 3
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Since the time-domain definition fo
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Stability Using Non-zero Dead-Time
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I!II.....I~I.....cIQ)IEQ) I~I~(J)
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-2,THE BIAS FUNCTION, 8 2 (r,p.)Fig
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AppendixWith reference to figure 1,
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8lIN,r,lll) for r = .011\1\ N= ~ 81
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BUN,r,IItJI for r =/tl\ !'I= 8 16 3
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81 (N,r,lIUl for r =ItJ \ IF 4 8 16
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__ ....... ~...........__ .........
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BllN,r,kl) for r = 1024It! \ N= 4 B
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B2(r,llU)It! \ r = .0001 .0003 .001
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B3( 2, P1,I", IIU) far r '" .01~\ ~
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83(2,I'f,r,~)for r '"""'III \ 2 4 B
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B312.I'I,r,llU) for r " 4I\J \ pt::
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B3(2,I'I,r,lIJ) Fer r ~ MI\J\ PI::
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B3(2,"',r,ail for r = 1024MIl \ I'l
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E. APPENDIX - Notes and ErrataThe n
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Influence of Pressure and Humidity
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22. page TN-160In eqs (101), (102),
Page 351 and 352:
29. page TN-180If the ratio of T/ T
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NIST-114A(REV. 3-89)4. TITLE AND SU
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NIST Technical Note 1337: Characterization of Clocks and Oscillators

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