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CONTENTS
5.1 250 Three ideas about the interaction
between technology and its
complements
5.2 257 Mobile money: A success story and yet
a regulatory minefield
5.3 261 The impact of digital technologies on
cognitive capacities and socialization
5.4 261 One Laptop per Child: Strengthening
analog foundations and careful
evaluation
5.5 263 Khan Academy: A supplemental
educational resource in and outside the
classroom
5.6 264 Using digital technologies to foster
collaboration and learning: Rio de
Janeiro’s Educopedia
5.7 265 Emerging lessons from digital literacy
programs
5.8 267 Building new economy skills: Escuela
Nueva in Colombia and Vietnam
5.9 269 Building modern skills: Game-based
learning and “gamifying” education
5.10 271 Massive open online courses (MOOCs):
A promising tool for lifelong learning
5.11 276 Increasing the impact of e-government
systems
5.12 277 Regular, small-stakes monitoring
5.13 279 Estonia’s X-Road
6.1 294 Categories of stakeholders in internet
governance
6.2 297 European Union: A fragmented market
for digital products
6.3 307 The Social Observatory and P-tracking
6.4 309 ICTs and the Sustainable Development
Goals
6.5 310 Digital Green: “How-to” videos for
agriculture and health
6.6 312 Disaster risk management
6.7 314 Can “big data” provide real-time,
geographically detailed information on
poverty?
6.8 316 Disruptive approaches to development
S6.1 329 Using cellphones for medical diagnosis,
thanks to 3D printing
Figures
O.1 3 Digital technologies have spread rapidly
in much of the world
O.2 3 The pessimism concerning the global
outlook is not because of digital
technologies, but in spite of them
O.3 4 Why digital dividends are not spreading
rapidly—and what can be done
O.4 6 Digital transformation in action
O.5 8 The internet remains unavailable,
inaccessible, and unaffordable to a
majority of the world’s population
O.6 9 The digital divide in access is high in
Africa, and the divide in capability is
high in the European Union
O.7 9 The internet promotes development
through three main mechanisms
O.8 11 Many digital transactions involve all
three mechanisms and a two-sided
market
O.9 12 How the three mechanisms apply to
businesses, people, and governments
O.10 13 The size of the ICT sector and its
contribution to GDP growth is still
relatively modest
O.11 13 Vietnamese firms using e-commerce
have higher TFP growth, 2007–12
O.12 18 More complaints were resolved more
quickly in the Nairobi water utility after
the introduction of digital customer
feedback
O.13 18 Without strong analog complements,
opportunities may turn into risks
O.14 19 Factors explaining the lower adoption
of digital technologies by businesses
O.15 21 Labor shares of national income are
falling in many countries, including
some developing countries
O.16 21 Falling labor shares in national income
are associated with rising inequality
O.17 22 The labor market is becoming more
polarized in many developing countries
O.18 23 From a technological standpoint,
two-thirds of all jobs are susceptible to
automation in the developing world,
but the effects are moderated by lower
wages and slower technology adoption
O.19 25 Internet voting can increase voter
participation but can be biased toward
more privileged groups
BO.6.1 26 Autocratic governments have promoted
e-government while censoring the
internet
O.20 28 A policy framework for improving
connectivity
O.21 30 The quality of complements and
technology rises with incomes
O.22 31 Policy priorities for countries that
are emerging, transitioning, or
transforming
O.23 33 The types of skills needed in a modern
economy