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THE DATA REVOLUTION 245<br />
Figure S5.1 World’s capacity to store<br />
information<br />
in optimally compressed bytes<br />
Technological capacity<br />
10 22<br />
10 21<br />
zettabyte<br />
10 20<br />
10 19<br />
10 17<br />
10 16<br />
1986<br />
1990<br />
16 exabytes<br />
10 18 2.6 exabytes<br />
exabyte<br />
Total<br />
1994<br />
309 exabytes<br />
54 exabytes<br />
1998<br />
2002<br />
Analog<br />
4.6 zettabytes<br />
2006<br />
Source: Hilbert 2015. Data at http://bit.do/WDR2016-FigS5_1.<br />
Digital<br />
generate public benefits. There are emerging models<br />
that seek to create a symbiotic relationship among<br />
public, private, and academic actors that incorporates<br />
benefits for all.<br />
Box S5.1 “Big data” and open data in action<br />
2010<br />
2014<br />
Fig ure S5.2 Growth in<br />
telecommunications capacity<br />
in optimally compressed kbps<br />
Telecommunications capacity<br />
14,000<br />
12,000<br />
10,000<br />
8,000<br />
6,000<br />
4,000<br />
2,000<br />
0<br />
2003<br />
100 KBPS<br />
9 KBPS<br />
≈ ≈ 11<br />
Δ ≈ 91 KBPS<br />
2003<br />
2004<br />
2005<br />
2006<br />
2007<br />
2007<br />
940 KBPS<br />
≈ ≈ 18<br />
51 KBPS<br />
Δ ≈ 890 KBPS<br />
High-income<br />
2008<br />
2009<br />
2010<br />
2013<br />
12,400 KBPS<br />
≈ ≈ 8<br />
1,500 KBPS<br />
Δ ≈ 10,900 KBPS<br />
2011<br />
Rest<br />
Source: Hilbert 2015. Data at http://bit.do/WDR2016-FigS5_2.<br />
Note: kbps = kilobits per second.<br />
2012<br />
2013<br />
For instance, taxi companies may justifiably be<br />
unwilling to share detailed data on vehicle movements.<br />
Data on average vehicle speed by road segment<br />
is valuable for the companies—it helps them<br />
SPOTLIGHT 5<br />
Informing relief efforts in the wake of the Nepal<br />
earthquake. A critical need in disaster relief is to track<br />
displaced populations for efficient logistics planning.<br />
Cellphone location data can provide comprehensive,<br />
real-time information on population, but cellphone<br />
operators are often reluctant to share this data for technical,<br />
confidentiality, or competitive reasons. Flowminder,<br />
a Swedish nongovernmental organization (NGO), has<br />
worked out procedures for accessing this data and has<br />
used it to estimate population movements following<br />
the 2015 earthquake to aid in relief efforts. http://www<br />
.worldpop.org.uk/nepal/.<br />
Real-time independent measures of inflation. PriceStats<br />
computes daily inflation data for 22 economies by scraping<br />
price data from the web. These inflation statistics<br />
are more timely than official numbers, and provide an<br />
independent cross-check. http://www.pricestats.com.<br />
Accountability for subsidies in Mexico. Fundar Center for<br />
Analysis and Research, a Mexican NGO, persuaded the<br />
Mexican Ministry of Agriculture to open its data on the<br />
large PROCAMPO subsidy program. The data showed<br />
that 57 percent of the benefits were going to the wealthiest<br />
10 percent of recipients. A website now tracks these<br />
and other financial flows, and allows data to be visualized.<br />
http://subsidiosalcampo.org.mx/.<br />
Promoting efficient procurement of pharmaceuticals<br />
in Southern Africa. The Southern African Regional<br />
Programme on Access to Medicines and Diagnostics<br />
(SARPAM) InfoHub assembles information about pharmaceutical<br />
procurement volume and prices in the Southern<br />
African Development Community. It publishes price data<br />
on the web, and estimates the potential savings, for each<br />
member country, if medicines were purchased at the lowest<br />
available price. http://med-db.medicines.sadc.int/.<br />
Source: WDR 2016 team.
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