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CONTENTS
ix
O.24 35 Digital safeguards in the WDR’s
framework
S1.1 44 Internet users trade personal data for
useful services
SB1.1.1 45
A graphic representation of how the
internet promotes development
1.1 51 A framework for the internet and
economic growth
1.2 52 More firms are using broadband
internet
1.3 53 Many advanced digital technologies
have not yet diffused across firms in
high-income countries, 2014
1.4 54 Higher-productivity firms are more
likely to use the internet, 2010–14
1.5 54 African firms using the internet are
more productive, 2014
1.6 55 Larger firms use the internet more
intensively across all income groups,
2006–14
1.7 57 ICT capital accounted for nearly onefifth
of global growth, 1995–2014
B1.2.1 58 U.S. labor productivity during the
electrification era (1890–1940) shares
remarkably common patterns with the
ICT era (1970–2012)
1.8 60 The internet enables more firms to
reach new markets, 2001–12
B1.5.1 63 The ICT sector accounts for 4–7 percent
of GDP in most OECD countries, 2011
1.9 65 Vietnamese firms using e-commerce
have higher TFP growth, 2007–12
1.10 67 Firm entry rates rose after countries
introduced online registration systems,
2006–12
1.11 67 Two out of three firms report
competitive pressure from digital
innovations, 2014
1.12 68 Prices of taxi medallions have started
to decline following the entry of
on-demand services and reduced
demand for traditional taxis
1.13 71 Firms’ use of online banking varies
substantially across countries at
comparable incomes, 2003–06 and
2008–13
1.14 71 Firms’ use of the internet varies among
six African countries, 2014
1.15 72 The share of firms in the retail sector
that sell their products online varies
substantially among Latin American
countries, 2010
1.16 72 The share of firms using integrated
customer relationship management
platforms varies substantially among
sectors and countries in Europe, 2014
1.17 73 Mobile money markets are often
controlled by one or two operators, 2014
1.18 75 Firms’ ICT investments as a
share of GDP in several countries
are comparable to those of U.S.
firms, but they invest much less
in complementary skills and
reorganization, 2006
1.19 76 Many countries still have poor postal
delivery systems
1.20 78 Young firms use the internet more
intensively in high-income countries—
old firms, in low-income countries,
2010–14
1.21 78 Domestic firms use the internet more
intensively when they face foreign
competition, 2010–14
1.22 79 Firms in Mexico facing higher import
competition from China use more ICTs
more productively
1.23 80 Restrictive product market regulations
in services and higher nontariff
technical barriers to trade in
manufacturing are associated with
lower ICT use, 2010–14
1.24 81 The dominance of a few politically
connected firms stifles competition and
innovation in Morocco, 2004 and 2007
F1.1 91 Introducing mobile phone service
reduces price dispersion in local
markets
S2.1 95 Kenya’s M-Pesa payment system
reached 80 percent of households
within four years
2.1 101 A framework for the internet and
economic opportunities
2.2 103 All regions are converging in mobile
phone access, but South Asia and
Sub-Saharan Africa are falling behind in
internet access
2.3 103 How people use mobile phones and the
internet in Africa
2.4 104 The digital divide within countries
remains wide, especially in internet use
2.5 107 Employment in the ICT sector and in
ICT occupations remains small
2.6 108 In Brazil, internet and software use
by firms throughout the economy is
associated with higher earnings
B2.2.1 110 Online labor markets provide work
and fairly good pay for workers in
developing countries
2.7 111 Online work expands women’s access to
work