Scientific Concept of the National Cohort (status ... - Nationale Kohorte

Anthropometry:
Instruments Level 1
87
(duration)
- Body weight and body height (standing) 3 min
- Waist and hip circumference 2 min
- DXA scan* 10 min
Physical activity and physical fitness:
- 7-d accelerometry (instructions for use)* 5 min
A.3 Study design
Level 2
(duration)
- Step test* 10 min
- Hand grip strength (3 times) 3 min
- One leg stand / posturometry* 5 min
Collection of bio-samples 15 min
Total examination time 88 min 94 min
* Subject to feasibility study; see Sect. A.3.3.11; † self-administered test
A Table summary 3.7: Baseline description physical of the examinations scientific at background level 1 (n=200,000) of the and selected level 2 instruments (n=40,000) along with a
short description of the procedure is provided in the following sections.
For the group of cancer and infectious diseases, no specific physical examinations are proposed.
However, several of the proposed examinations are of specific interest for these
disease groups, too. For malignant neoplasms, important measures include body composition,
physical activity, and skin AF, and for infectious diseases physical activity and dental
examination.
A.3.3.2 Cardiovascular examinations
Blood pressure and heart rate
Elevated blood pressure is a cause of stroke and CHD 548 as well as of vascular and overall
mortality 549 . Blood pressure (both hypertension and hypotension) also appears to play an
important role with regard to cognitive functions and dementia 550-554 and is strongly associated
with type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity 555-558 .
Accelerated heart rate is considered as an independent risk factor and prognostic marker
for morbidity and mortality. There is evidence for a clinically relevant association between elevated
heart rate and adverse CVD risk factors, cardiovascular events, and mortality among
adults 559-562 . This association is generally stronger in men than in women 559-561 . It has been
suggested that the central nervous system plays a key role via a sympathetic overactivation
for both the increase in heart rate and for the development of hypertension 560, 562 .
Procedure of measurement:
Systolic and diastolic blood pressure will be measured using a validated oscillometric device
that has been used in other epidemiologic studies (e.g., OMRON HEM 705 CP II). Measurement
will be taken according to a standardized protocol as the results will be influenced, for
example, by measuring technique of the investigator, posture of the participant, and position
of the device. Three blood pressure measurements will be taken in the sitting position after
A.3