Scientific Concept of the National Cohort (status ... - Nationale Kohorte

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A.3 A.3 Study design Subjects who move out of a region will be offered a second study visit as close as possible to their new place of residence. Experience with ongoing studies such as the EPIC cohorts show that, at least among subjects above age 40, only few study participants are likely to move far away from their original place of residence. Thus, we expect the vast majority of participants to be available for re-examination at their initial study center, at least in these older age groups. Table 3.13: Reassessment of intermediate (preclinical) phenotypes and measurements of function in the National Cohort Cardiovascular diseases Atherosclerosis Measurement At level 1 At level 2 Specific subgroups Arterial stiffness, ankle–brachial index, etc. Cardiac dysfunction Echocardiography 10-sec ECG Elevated blood pressure Blood pressure Diabetes Impaired fasting glucose Impaired glucose tolerance AGE accumulation in the skin Retinopathy 126 Ultrasonography of carotid artery, IMT Long-term ECG MRI Fasting glucose OGTT Skin AF Retinal photography MRI, 3D TOF Angiography Hepatic steatosis, visceral fat Cancer MRI Precursor stages of (blood-based hematologic malignancies analyses) Neurologic and psychiatric diseases Mild cognitive impairment Cognitive tests Brain structures MRI Olfactory function Smell test Questionnaires Respiratory diseases CES-D, ASI-3, Headache, RLS questionnaires Lung function Spirometry MRI (lung volume) Airway inflammation Infectious diseases Exhaled NO Respiratory infections Questionnaire Gastroenteric infections Questionnaire Active surveillance; stool samples by mail Periodontal disease Questionnaire, Periodontal Musculoskeletal diseases Tooth count examination Osteoarthritis Musculoskeletal examination MRI Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Musculoskeletal examination Biomarkers MRI Musculoskeletal pain disorders Pain mannequin Osteoporosis Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
127 A.3 Study design A.3.6.2 Assessment of changes in risk factors for disease (including risk factors that may be determined at a later date in collected biomaterials). The second objective – to assess possible changes in risk factors for disease – will make it possible to take such possible systematic changes into account, and will thus provide more accurate estimations of RRs for subsequent disease. A list of risk factors that will be reassessed and obtained by questionnaire after 5 years is given in Table 3.14. Table 3.14: Reassessment and questionnaires of changes in risk factors for diseases in the National Cohort Measurement Questionnaire At level 1 At level 2 Physical activity 7-day accelerometry X Step test Physical fitness Hand grip strength Posturometry Body composition Weight and height Waist and hip circumference DXA Diet Collection of biomaterials X Smoking and alcohol consumption X Psychosocial factors X SES X Sleep Chronic infections, immune factors: X Immunization/infection status Collection of biomaterials X Immune senescence and dysfunction Peripheral blood lymphocytes Microbial colonization Collection of biomaterials Zoonotic infections Collection of biomaterials X Occupational and environmental exposures In only few large-scale prospective studies have data been collected to account for possible systematic changes in an individual´s risk factors over the longer term and for the effects that such changes may have on subsequent risks of chronic diseases. Failure to account for medium-term variability and systematic changes in risk factors can produce considerably biased relative and attributable risk estimates for disease, and thus an inaccurate quantitative evaluation of the importance of specific risk factors. For example, in prospective studies that have spanned time periods of 20 years or more and which used repeat measurements at 5- to 10-year intervals, the association of blood pressure measurements with risk of CHD has been shown to decrease progressively as the time lag from exposure measurement until diagnosis increases 742, 743 . In this type of situation, repeat measurements taken after a longer time interval will have predictive potential for disease risk independently of (i.e., even when adjusting for) the exposure measurements (and true exposure levels) at the earlier points, and variations in exposure measurements cannot be simply considered as random error that is nondifferential with respect to prospective disease outcomes 743, 744 . In Sect. A.6, basic risk estimation models that may be used to integrate two risk factor measurements taken over a medium-term time interval are discussed further, accounting for possible systematic changes in risk that may be related to medium-term changes in risk factors 742 . X A.3
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The National Cohort A prospective e
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Applicants Applicants Applicants Cl
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Applicants IV
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Executive Summary 2. The National C
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Executive Summary 3. Scientific aim
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Executive Summary essary to address
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Executive Summary 7. Examples for s
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Contents A.2.4 major areas of expos
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Contents A.3.8.2 Social security da
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Contents A.6.4.2 Minimally detectab
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Abbreviations C.2 mEThOdS fOr STATI
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Abbreviations DXA Dual-energy x-ray
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Abbreviations CHS Cardiovascular He
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A.1 A.1 Introduction and overview a
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A.1 A.1 Introduction and overview s
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A.1 A.1 Introduction and overview T
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A.2 A.2. Scientific background and
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A.3 A.3 Study design ment instrumen
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A.3 A.3 Study design Table 3.2: Des
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A.3 A.3 Study design the participan
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A.3 A.3 Study design with a prepare
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A.3 A.3 Study design rural areas, t
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A.3 A.3 Study design A.3.2 Baseline
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A.3 A.3 Study design Modules 70 Int
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A.3 A.3 Study design ovarian carcin
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A.7 A.7 Ethical aspects logical/gen
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A.7 A.7 Ethical aspects ing finding
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C.3 References 17. Keil, U., et al.
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C.3 References 50. Benjamin, E.J.,
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C.3 References 360. Mair, C., A.V.
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C.3 References 395. Lesourd, B., Nu
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C.3 References 431. Statistisches B
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C.3 References 462. Bundeszentrale
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C.3 References 494. Rammstedt, B. a
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C.3 References 526. Mack, F., et al
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C.3 References 560. Palatini, P., A
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C.3 References 623. Olin, A.C., et
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C.3 References 727. Ryu, O.H., et a
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C.3 References 757. BSI-Standard 10
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