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Journal Thoracic Oncology

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Abstracts <strong>Journal</strong> of <strong>Thoracic</strong> <strong>Oncology</strong> • Volume 12 Issue S1 January 2017<br />

POSTER SESSION 1 - P1.01: EPIDEMIOLOGY, TOBACCO CONTROL AND CESSATION/<br />

PREVENTION<br />

TOBACCO, RADON, AIR POLLUTION, OTHER RISK FACTORS –<br />

MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2016<br />

P1.01-004 IS THERE ANY ROLE OF RESIDENTIAL RADON IN NON<br />

SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER (NSCLC) PATIENTS HARBORING<br />

MOLECULAR ALTERATIONS?<br />

Laura Mezquita 1 , Amparo Benito 2 , Maria Eugenia Olmedo 3 , Pablo Reguera 3 ,<br />

Ainhoa Madariaga 3 , Maria Villamayor 3 , Silvia Patricia Cortez 3 , Luis Gorospe 4 ,<br />

Almudena Santon 2 , Sagrario Mayoralas 5 , Raul Hernanz 6 , Alberto Cabanero 7 ,<br />

Alfredo Carrato 3 , Pilar Garrido 3<br />

1 Medical <strong>Oncology</strong> Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif/France, 2 Pathology<br />

Department, University Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid/Spain, 3 Medical <strong>Oncology</strong><br />

Department, University Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid/Spain, 4 Radiology<br />

Department, University Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid/Spain, 5 Pulmonary<br />

Department, University Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid/Spain, 6 Radiation<br />

<strong>Oncology</strong> Department, University Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid/Spain, 7 <strong>Thoracic</strong><br />

Surgery Department, University Hospital Ramon Y Cajal, Madrid/Spain<br />

Background: Radon gas is the first cause of lung cancer in non-smoking<br />

population. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends radon<br />

concentration lower than 100 Bq/m3. In recent years, most of the<br />

advances in personalized therapy in NSCLC patients also occurred in nonsmokers.<br />

Furthermore, limited information is available about the clinical<br />

and pathological characteristics in patients exposed to radon gas. We<br />

hypothesized that residential radon could be associated to some specific<br />

pathological and molecular alterations in NSCLC patients. Methods:<br />

Prospective study of a cohort of NSCLC patients harbouring molecular<br />

alterations (EGFR, BRAF mutations (m), ALK and ROS1 rearrangements<br />

(r)) in our centre, between September 2014 and October 2015. A radon<br />

detector alpha-track was given to each patient to measure residential radon<br />

concentration for 3 months; it was analysed using optical microscopy.<br />

We collected demographic information, smoking history, environmental<br />

exposure and clinical characteristics. The pathologic characteristics were<br />

prospectively revised by a lung cancer pathologist, including histology<br />

pattern, grade and inflammatory infiltrate. EGFR and BRAF mutation (m)<br />

were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)<br />

and ALK and ROS1 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization<br />

(FISH). Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS v.20. Results: 60 detectors were<br />

delivered (10% missing), 48 patients were evaluated (89.6% living in Madrid).<br />

Median age 66.5 (29- 82); 33 (68.8%) females; 33 non-smokers (31.3% passive<br />

smokers and 35.4% childhood exposure) and 3 (6.3%) light smokers. 100%<br />

adenocarcinoma (35.4% mixte, 18.8% acinar, 10.4% solid, 8.3% papillary,<br />

8.3% micropapilllary, 8.4% others and 10.4% unknown); EGFRm 36 patients,<br />

ALKr 10 patients and BRAFm 2 patients. Home characteristics measured:<br />

79.2% flat (89.1% measurement at bedroom); building material: 89.6% bricks.<br />

Median length of stay was 28 years (2-55). Median height of house 2 floors<br />

(0-15). Median of radon concentration: 104 Bq/m3 (42- 915); 60.42% over<br />

WHO recommendation. By molecular alteration: EGFRm median 96 Bq/m3<br />

(42-915), ALKr median 116 (64-852) and BRAFm median 125 (125). A significant<br />

association was observed between non-EGFR mutation and concentration<br />

over the WHO recommendation (p=0.044). In univariant analysis, radon<br />

concentration was associated with non-mucinous histology and low tumoral<br />

grade (p=0.033 and p=0.023, respectively). Conclusion: Our final results have<br />

shown no consistent association between residential radon and molecular<br />

alterations in NSCLC patients, but a trend has been suggested in ALKr and<br />

BRAFm. Large multicenter studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.<br />

Keywords: Radon, molecular alteration, NSCLC<br />

POSTER SESSION 1 - P1.01: EPIDEMIOLOGY, TOBACCO CONTROL AND CESSATION/<br />

PREVENTION<br />

TOBACCO, RADON, AIR POLLUTION, OTHER RISK FACTORS –<br />

MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2016<br />

P1.01-005 FIRST OF ITS KIND STUDY IN INDIA FINDS THAT<br />

GOVERNMENT’S BAN ON GUTKA (HIGHLY POPULAR SMOKELESS<br />

TOBACCO PRODUCT) DID NOT INCREASE SMOKING AT ALL<br />

Gaurav Kumar 1 , Pradeep Kumar 2<br />

1 Community Medicine, Gmers Medical College, Ahmedabad/India, 2 Gmers Medical<br />

College, Ahmedabad/India<br />

Background: India with 11.2%(111.9 million) of world’s smokers has 2 nd largest<br />

population at elevated risk of lung cancer. Almost twice, 206 million(GATS,<br />

2010), are Smokeless tobacco(ST) users in India, highest globally. Supreme<br />

Court of India observed that gutka and pan-masala are food products.<br />

Beginning in 2012, almost all state governments in India banned gutka and<br />

pan-masala containing tobacco. APPREHENSION was raised that ban on ST<br />

products will cause switching to smoking by huge ST user population vastly<br />

increasing risk of lung-cancer in India. This ban provided natural experiment<br />

on which this observational research studied how ban on popular ST products<br />

alters pattern of tobacco-use, especially smoking. Findings are expected to<br />

be strategically significant to inform future policies. Methods: Questionnaire<br />

of Global Adult Tobacco Survey-India(2010), developed by WHO,CDC and<br />

Govt. of India was modified to answer research questions and accommodate<br />

retrospective-cohort study design. Through 2-step randomization process,<br />

500 households were sampled from Delhi. Participants were adults and<br />

interviewed during March-June,2016 comprehensively, including tobaccouse<br />

currently and before gutka-ban. Inbuilt mechanisms in standardized<br />

questionnaire cross-validated self-report and minimised recall bias. Data<br />

was entered into SPSS and statistically analysed. Results: 94% of 500<br />

households visited agreed to participate. 73.4%of pre-ban gutka-users<br />

switched to twin-sachet (pan-masala and chewing-tobacco sold separately by<br />

gutka-manufacturers to circumvent law). Delhi’s order bans all ST products.<br />

But, except premixed gutka, remaining ST products are freely available and<br />

consumed. 21.8%switched to khaini or other ST products. A large fraction<br />

switched from singledose sachets to multidose sachet. Interestingly,<br />

96.2%respondents believed tobacco as very harmful(84.6%) or somewhat<br />

harmful(11.6%). However, only 18.6%gutka users attempted quitting after<br />

ban. 4.8%successfully quitted. In our sample, we DIDNOT find anyone<br />

switching to smoking due to gutka unavailability. On an opposite thought,<br />

one may expect, ban on an ST product(Gutka) will increase awareness<br />

and motivate smokers to quit as spillover effect. But it wasn’t observed<br />

either. Conclusion: In absence of strong quitting promotion campaign, ban<br />

on selective tobacco products has limited role in changing prevalence of<br />

tobacco use. If selective ST products are banned, ST users preferably switch<br />

to other available ST products, BUT NOT to smoking. As majority ST users<br />

switched instead of quitting (after gutka-ban without simultaneous quitting<br />

campaign), we may logically conclude that effective ban on all ST products<br />

may lead ST users to switch to less favourable option of smoking. This is,<br />

however, subject to verification by similar study if there is ever effective ban<br />

on all ST products.<br />

Keywords: Smokeless Tobacco, Gutka ban, smoking, GATS<br />

POSTER SESSION 1 - P1.01: EPIDEMIOLOGY, TOBACCO CONTROL AND CESSATION/<br />

PREVENTION<br />

TOBACCO, RADON, AIR POLLUTION, OTHER RISK FACTORS –<br />

MONDAY, DECEMBER 5, 2016<br />

P1.01-006 INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES ARE AN ANTECEDENT OF<br />

LUNG CANCER<br />

Wonil Choi<br />

Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu/<br />

Korea, Republic of<br />

Background: Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis may progress into lung cancer<br />

through continuous accumulation and rapid proliferation of fibroblasts and<br />

repeated epithelial injury. Repetitive injury and repair can lead to multiple<br />

genetic alterations affecting cellular growth, differentiation, and survival,<br />

which may elicit malignant potential in the injured area. Diffuse pulmonary<br />

fibrosis appears on chest images through expression of bilateral reticular<br />

or reticulonodular opacities, called interstitial lung diseases. The clinical<br />

significance of these diseases remains poorly understood. To investigate<br />

whether interstitial lung diseases increase lung cancer incidence in a cohort of<br />

patients from a national population. Background: Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis<br />

may progress into lung cancer through continuous accumulation and rapid<br />

proliferation of fibroblasts and repeated epithelial injury. Repetitive injury<br />

and repair can lead to multiple genetic alterations affecting cellular growth,<br />

differentiation, and survival, which may elicit malignant potential in the<br />

injured area. Diffuse pulmonary fibrosis appears on chest images through<br />

expression of bilateral reticular or reticulonodular opacities, called interstitial<br />

lung diseases. The clinical significance of these diseases remains poorly<br />

understood. To investigate whether interstitial lung diseases increase lung<br />

cancer incidence in a cohort of patients from a national population. Results: A<br />

nationwide retrospective cohort study using Korean Health Insurance Review<br />

and Assessment Service data, including 13,666 patients with interstitial lung<br />

disease (6.4% with concomitant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) diagnosed<br />

January–December 2009. The end of follow-up was June 31, 2014. Up to four<br />

matching chronic obstructive pulmonary disease controls with and without<br />

concomitant interstitial lung disease (8,012 cases) were selected to compare<br />

the lung cancer high-risk group. Lung cancer was counted after diagnosis of<br />

interstitial lung disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or chronic obstructive<br />

pulmonary disease. Conclusion: The incidence of lung cancer was 126.9<br />

cases per 10,000 person-years (2,732 cancers) in the chronic obstructive<br />

pulmonary disease group, 156.6 (809 cancers) in the interstitial lung disease<br />

group, and 370.3 (967 cancers) in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<br />

with interstitial lung disease group. Among various interstitial lung disease<br />

definitions, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis showed the highest lung cancer<br />

incidence. A total of 112 of the 879 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis<br />

developed lung cancer, an incidence of 381 cases per 10,000 person-years.<br />

Interstitial lung diseases have high potential to develop into lung cancer even<br />

S232 <strong>Journal</strong> of <strong>Thoracic</strong> <strong>Oncology</strong> • Volume 12 Issue S1 January 2017

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