Is headspace making a difference to young people’s lives?

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4. Outcomes of headspace Clients Figure 4.7 Percentage of headspace clients who considered suicide in the last year, by K10 change and intervention survey wave Note: Data for this analysis is sourced from the headspace intervention survey. Estimates of clinically significant change were tested for the survey data and were shown to align well with hCSA data. Suicide ideation data was specifically collected within the survey data and is not available in the hCSA dataset. Sample sizes can be found in Appendix F. Source: Authors’ calculations from headspace intervention survey data. Figure 4.7 reports the proportion of survey respondents in each K10 change category who had contemplated suicide for both survey waves. The results reveal two highly significant findings. First, the propensity to consider suicide falls by more than half among those whose K10 had improved clinically during their progress through headspace, from 59.2% in the first survey period down to 29.4% at the second. Rates also fell for those who showed either reliable or insignificant improvement, by around 10 percentage points and 18 percentage points respectively. The second significant finding relates to those headspace clients who exhibited no real improvement in K10, i.e. a change of less than two K10 points between survey waves. Even for this group, the propensity to consider suicide fell by more than 16 percentage points, from 64% to 47.8%. These findings indicate that significant change in critical outcomes may occur for headspace clients at high risk of suicide despite there being no evidence of change in psychological distress through the K10 measure. The finding is an important one in that it highlights the potential protective role that the headspace program may have against such extreme adverse mental health outcomes. The change in prevalence of suicidal thoughts for young men and women that had received treatment from headspace are considerable, as shown in Figure 4.8. Males appear more responsive than females in relation to lower rates of suicidal ideation, showing a 41.6 percentage point reduction in suicidal ideation for those who clinically improved in terms of their psychological distress levels. Young women in the same group showed a decrease in suicidal ideation by 27.2 percentage points. For young men who improved reliably, suicidal ideation rates decreased by more than 25 percentage points and for young women, the response is lower at 6.4 percentage points. The rate of reduction is also positive across a number of other groups. Young males and females whose mental health functioning declined reliably and young males whose K10 declined clinically, as measured by changed in K10 scores, experienced increases in suicide ideation. Social Policy Research Centre 2015 headspace Evaluation Final Report 50
4. Outcomes of headspace Clients Figure 4.8 Change in prevalence of suicidal thoughts between waves, by gender and K10 change Note: Data for this analysis is sourced from the headspace intervention survey. Estimates of clinically significant change were tested for the survey data and were shown to align well with hCSA data. Suicide ideation data was specifically collected within the survey data and is not available in the hCSA dataset. Sample sizes can be found in Appendix F. Source: Authors’ calculations from headspace intervention survey data. The analysis of reported instances of self-harm shows a similar pattern of reduction. Figure 4.9 shows a decrease in the rates of self-harm across all K10 change groups between Waves 1 and 2, except for those who declined reliably. The greatest reduction in prevalence of self-harm was for those who improved clinically significantly (down 24.7 percentage points) and those who recorded a reliably significant improvement (down 18.3 percentage points). Figure 4.9 Percentage of headspace clients who self-harmed in between waves, by K10 change and intervention survey wave Note: Data for this analysis is sourced from the headspace intervention survey. Estimates of clinically significant change were tested for the survey data and were shown to align well with hCSA data. Information about self-harm was specifically collected within the survey data and is not available in the hCSA dataset. Sample sizes can be found in Appendix F. Source: Authors’ calculations from headspace intervention survey data. Disaggregation of this analysis by gender is shown in Figure 4.10. Young women display a higher prevalence of self-harm than young men, yet those that improve or have no change in psychological distress have broadly the same rate of reduction in self-harm regardless of gender (around 23-24 percentage points). However, for those whose psychological distress increases over the two survey waves, female rates of self-harm remain high whereas rates for males reduce for all categories. Social Policy Research Centre 2015 headspace Evaluation Final Report 51
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Is headspace making a difference to
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Authors This report was written by
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5. Service Delivery Model 73 5.1 Wh
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Table 6.1 Table 6.2 Table 6.3 Main
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6. The Costs of headspace One of th
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6. The Costs of headspace Table 6.1
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6. The Costs of headspace In-scope
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6. The Costs of headspace Revenue/
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7. Conclusion The evaluation of hea
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7. Conclusion treatment); however,
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7. Conclusion Overall the evaluatio
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Appendix A Evaluation scope areas h
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Appendix B The current model of hea
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Appendix B and each SA3 in non-capi
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Appendix B chapter 39 . To determin
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Appendix B While there is an overal
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Appendix B Figure B3 describes the
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Appendix B Figure B5 Cost per young
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Appendix B The concept of access as
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Appendix B Figure B7 Heard of heads
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Figure B10 Proportion of headspace
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Appendix B Table B5 Females 18-25 y
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Appendix B following section. Figur
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Appendix B and less access to mains
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Appendix B Figure B17 Estimated pre
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Appendix B Figure B18 SA1s within 1
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Figure B20 Hypothetical allocation
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Appendix B The current model of cen
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Appendix B Current centre funding m
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Appendix B Evaluation of the curren
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Appendix B Level of funding availab
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Appendix B provide a method for ide
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Appendix B centres and Localities i
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Appendix B for greater flexibility
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Appendix B Additional consideration
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Appendix B of achieving more effici
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Appendix B • Used the simulation
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Appendix C information relating to
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Appendix C Regarding gender, in bot
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Appendix C Figure C5 Total number o
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Appendix C Table C1 Information Sum
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Appendix C Data Cleaning and Analys
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Appendix C groups. The age and sex
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Appendix C Figure C8 Demographic ch
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Appendix C The KeySurvey software s
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Appendix C different client groups.
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Appendix D Round State Centre Name
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Appendix E Characteristics HS clien
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Table E4 Cell Sizes for Figure 3.4
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Appendix F Figure F1 Changes in K10
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Appendix F three SEIFA quintiles. A
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Appendix F Occasion of service inte
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Appendix G Supplementary material f
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Appendix G Table G3 Round 3 (10 cen
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Appendix G Table G7 Round 7 (10 cen
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State (youth population) a headspac
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Appendix G Table G12 Round 11(16 ce
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Table G16 Additional youth populati
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Round Region State Additional youth
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Appendix G Figure G1 Percentage of
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Appendix G Table G22 Australians 18
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Appendix G Synthetic small area est
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Appendix G Figure G16 Estimated pre
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Appendix G Figure G22 SA1s within 1
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Appendix G Table G25 Centres alloca
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References Atkins, D.C., Bedics, J.
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References Smith, E., Jones, T., Wa
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