CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT

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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Afghan Research and Evaluation Unit. Corrupting the State or State-Crafted Corruption? Exploring the Nexus between Corruption and Subnational Governance. June 2010. Afghanistan Freedom Support Act of 2002. 22 USC § 7513 (a)(5)(b). Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. Afghan People’s Dialogue on Peace: Building the Foundations for an Inclusive Peace Process. June 10, 2014. Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission. A Call for Justice: A Report on National Consultations on Transitional Justice in Afghanistan. January 2005. Afghanistan Justice Project. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001, 2005. Aikins, Matthieu. “The Master of Spin Boldak.” Harper’s Magazine. December 2009. Aikins, Matthieu. “Our Man in Kandahar.” Atlantic. November 2011. Allen, John. Testimony before the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South and Central Asian Affairs, hearing on “A Transformation: Afghanistan Beyond 2014.” April 30, 2014. Amnesty International. “UK: Afghan Warlord should be investigated.” Press release. August 1, 2000. Amnesty International. Afghanistan: Making Human Rights the Agenda. November 1, 2001. Arnoldy, Ben. “Afghanistan War: USAID Spends Too Much, Too Fast to Win Hearts and Minds.” Christian Science Monitor. July 28, 2010. The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2006: Survey of the Afghan People. October 2006. The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2007: Survey of the Afghan People. September 2007. The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2008: Survey of the Afghan People. October 2008. The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2009: Survey of the Afghan People. October 2009. The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2010: Survey of the Afghan People. October 2010. The Asia Foundation. Afghanistan in 2015: Survey of the Afghan People. November 2015. Asian Development Bank, UK Department for International Development, United Nations Development Programme, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, and the World 130 SIGAR I CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT I SEPTEMBER 2016
Bank. Fighting Corruption in Afghanistan: A Roadmap for Strategy and Action. February 16, 2007. Ballard, John R., David W. Lamm, and John K. Wood. From Kabul to Baghdad and Back: The U.S. at War in Afghanistan and Iraq. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2012. Barfield, Thomas. Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010. Barker, Kim. “Letter from Kabul: Solving Afghanistan’s Problems.” Foreign Affairs. November 30, 2009. Beyerle, Shaazka. Curtailing Corruption: People Power for Accountability and Justice. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc., 2014. Beynon, Jonathan. “Poverty Efficient Aid Allocations: Collier/Dollar Revisited.” Overseas Development Institute. November 2003. Bhatia, Michael and Mark Sedra. Afghanistan, Arms and Conflict: Armed groups, disarmament and security in a post-war society. New York, NY: Routledge, 2008. Bijlert, Martine van. Who Controls the Vote? Afghanistan’s Evolving Elections. Afghan Analyst Network. May 2010. Bourguignon, François and Mark Sundberg. Absorptive Capacity and Achieving the MDGs. United Nations University Research Paper No. 2006/47. May 2006. Brinkley, Joel. “Money Pit: The Monstrous Failure of U.S. Aid to Afghanistan.” World Affairs Journal, January/February 2013. Brookings Institution. Afghanistan Index: Tracking Progress and Security in Post-9/11 Afghanistan. March 31, 2016. Bush, George W. “Defeating the Terrorist Threat to the United States.” National Security Presidential Directive-9. October 25, 2001. Byrd, William. “Fighting Corruption in Afghanistan: Approaches, Entry Points, Lessons, Recommendations.” Slide presentation at OECD Development Assistance Committee Seminar. Addressing Corruption in Fragile States: What Do We Know? October 17, 2007. Campbell, John. “Advance Policy Questions for General John C. Campbell, USA Nominee to Commander, International Security Assistance Force and Commander, United States Forces Afghanistan.” Submitted to U.S. Armed Services Committee. July 10, 2014. Carter, Stephen and Kate Clark. No Shortcut to Stability: Justice, Politics, and Insurgency in Afghanistan. Chatham House. December 2010. SIGAR I CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT I SEPTEMBER 2016 131
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Special Inspector General for Afgha
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Special Inspector General for Afgha
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES FIGURE 1: Sha
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In the early years of the reconstru
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Recommendations To address corrupti
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1. Corruption undermined the U.S. m
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large sums of money. For example, a
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Corruption Has Increased from Pre-2
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capacity, legislative and regulator
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dynamic we have to change if we wan
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in corruption. 58 Afghans also witn
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ISAF Public Affairs photo PART ONE
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checkpoints, activities which they
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usinesses that served the internati
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for the long-term threat that corru
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combat corruption globally, which i
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opium when they raided the governor
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measurable benchmarks and target da
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While certain individuals and offic
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that Afghan leaders were not commit
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U.S. government documents increasin
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the state’s legitimacy and capabi
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and helping to fund the enemy. The
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would benefit from an approved stra
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fundamental flaw: The Afghan govern
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By the time of Salehi’s arrest an
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U.S. Marine Corps photo PART THREE
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and partners, other countries in th
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BOX 2: ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY In the d
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Capacity-building efforts would be
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“The international community held
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success, due in part to unwillingne
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ability to conduct robust oversight
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The story elicited a sharp congress
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London, Kabul, and Tokyo Conference
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officials. The task force member no
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These cancelled or forestalled cont
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a desire to tackle corruption and a
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These findings underscore that the
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LESSONS USAID/Afghanistan photo Bas
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eport, international assistance acc
Page 91: in Afghanistan failed to address th
Page 94 and 95: This legislation should: • Requir
Page 96 and 97: Intelligence agencies should: • C
Page 98 and 99: 10. The State Department should pla
Page 100 and 101: the U.S. Embassy in Kabul, which wa
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX B ABBREVIATIONS 4A Assista
Page 104 and 105: ODA OECD OEF OSD-P OTI PACC PRT PSC
Page 106 and 107: APPENDIX D Strategy or Plan Assessm
Page 108 and 109: Organization Lead Agency Mandate Hi
Page 110 and 111: APPENDIX F U.S. Support to Afghan G
Page 112 and 113: ENDNOTES 1 Ryan Crocker, SIGAR inte
Page 114 and 115: 34 OECD Development Assistance Coun
Page 116 and 117: 65 Fishstein and Wilder, Winning He
Page 118 and 119: 101 Joint Staff, Joint and Coalitio
Page 120 and 121: 148 Dressler, Counterinsurgency in
Page 122 and 123: 192 NSC, White Paper on the Interag
Page 124 and 125: 235 U.S. Embassy Kabul, “Afghanis
Page 126 and 127: 284 Department of the Treasury, “
Page 128 and 129: Transition to Transformation, July
Page 130 and 131: 368 SIGAR, Quarterly Report to the
Page 132 and 133: 411 Torabi, email to SIGAR, March 5
Page 134 and 135: 463 Congressional Research Service,
Page 136 and 137: 525 U.S. Embassy Kabul, U.S. Govern
Page 138 and 139: 586 U.S. Embassy Kabul, “Update o
Page 140 and 141: 633 DOD, Report on Progress toward
Page 144 and 145: Century Foundation. Afghanistan: Ne
Page 146 and 147: Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Page 148 and 149: Human Rights Watch. Blood-Stained H
Page 150 and 151: Koumans, Mark. Testimony before the
Page 152 and 153: Pritchett, Lant, Michael Woolcock,
Page 154 and 155: Schmeidl, Susanne. “The Man Who W
Page 156 and 157: Stanekzai, Mohammad M. “Afghanist
Page 158 and 159: U.S. Department of State, Office of
Page 160 and 161: United Nations Development Programm
Page 162 and 163: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SIGAR acknowledges
Page 164: SIGAR SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR
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