CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT

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Federal Bureau of Investigation. “Mission Afghanistan: Contract Corruption, Part 3: Holding Americans Accountable in a War Zone.” April 26, 2011. Feith, Douglas J. War and Decision: Inside the Pentagon at the Dawn of the War on Terrorism. New York, NY: Harper, 2008. Filkins, Dexter. “The Afghan Bank Heist.” New Yorker. February 14, 2011. Filkins, Dexter. “Depositors Panic Over Bank Crisis in Afghanistan.” New York Times. September 2, 2010. Filkins, Dexter. “Despite Doubt, Karzai Brother Retains Power.” New York Times. March 30, 2010. Filkins, Dexter and Mark Mazzetti. “Karzai Aide in Corruption Inquiry is Tied to CIA.” New York Times. August 25, 2010. Filkins, Dexter, Mark Mazzetti, and James Risen. “Brother of Afghan Leader Said to Be Paid by C.I.A.” New York Times. October 27, 2009. Fishstein, Paul and Andrew Wilder. Winning Hearts and Minds? Examining the Relationships Between Aid and Security in Afghanistan. Feinstein International Center, Tufts University, 2011. Forsberg, Carl, “Private Security Contracting and the Counterinsurgency Mission in Afghanistan.” Testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, Subcommittee on National Security and Foreign Affairs. 111th Cong. June 22, 2010. Gall, Carlotta. The Wrong Enemy: America in Afghanistan, 2001-2014. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2014. Giustozzi, Antonio. Koran, Kalashnikov and Laptop. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2009. Giustozzi, Antonio. “Warlords into businessmen: the Afghan transition 2002-2005.” Paper presented at the “Transforming War Economies” Seminar, Plymouth, June 16-18, 2005. Global Witness. “Gaps in new Afghan mining law pose a threat to stability.” August 19, 2014. Goldman, Adam and Heidi Vogt. “Afghanistan: Ghulam Qawis Abu Bakr Graft Probe Shut Down.” World Post. October 11, 2011. Goldman, Adam and Heidi Vogt. “Despite Karzai’s Pledge, Government Graft Eludes Prosecution.” Washington Times. October 12, 2011. Goodhand, Jonathan and Mark Sedra. “Rethinking Liberal Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Transition in Afghanistan: An Introduction.” Central Asian Survey, vol. 32, issue 3 (2013). 134 SIGAR I CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT I SEPTEMBER 2016
Goodman, Mary Beth and Trevor Sutton. “Tackling Corruption in Afghanistan: It’s Now or Never.” Center for American Progress. March 17, 2015. Gopal, Anand. The Battle for Afghanistan: Militancy and Conflict in Kandahar. New America Foundation. November 2010. Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Afghanistan National Development Strategy, Anti Corruption, 1387-1391 (2007/08-2012/13), National Anti-Corruption Strategy. February 2008. Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Afghanistan National Development Strategy: Justice & Rule of Law Sector Strategy, 1387-1391 (2007/08-2012/13). March 2008. Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Law on Overseeing the Implementation of the Anti-Administrative Corruption Strategy. July 2008. Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Law on the Campaign Against Bribery and Administrative Corruption – Official Gazette No. 838. October 11, 2004. Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Strategy and Policy for Anticorruption and Administrative Reform. March 2008. Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Finance. “Finance Minister and U.S. Treasury Secretary Sign MOU on Financial Capacity Building and Technical Assistance.” Press Release. March 30, 2015. Grenier, Robert. 88 Days to Kandahar: A CIA Diary. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2015. Groenewald, Hesta. Hammering the Bread and the Nail: Lessons from Counter-Terror, Stabilisation, and Statebuilding in Afghanistan. Saferworld. January 2016. Grossman, Marc. “Lessons from Negotiating with the Taliban.” Yale Global Online. October 2013. Gutcher, Lianne. “Afghanistan’s Anticorruption Efforts Thwarted at Every Turn.” Guardian. July 19, 2011. Hazelton, Jacqueline L. “The False Promise of the Governance Model of Counterinsurgency Warfare.” Paper prepared for American Political Science Association (APSA) 2012 Annual Meeting. Healy, Jack and Abdul Waheed Wafa. “Karzai Advisor Is Killed at Kabul Home.” New York Times. July 17, 2011. High Office of Oversight and Anticorruption. “About Corruption.” http://anticorruption.gov.af/en/ page/1736. Hudak, Kenneth. “Lengthening the Tether of Fuel in Afghanistan.” Army Sustainment Magazine, March–April 2013. SIGAR I CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT I SEPTEMBER 2016 135
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Special Inspector General for Afgha
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Special Inspector General for Afgha
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES FIGURE 1: Sha
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In the early years of the reconstru
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Recommendations To address corrupti
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1. Corruption undermined the U.S. m
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large sums of money. For example, a
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Corruption Has Increased from Pre-2
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capacity, legislative and regulator
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dynamic we have to change if we wan
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in corruption. 58 Afghans also witn
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ISAF Public Affairs photo PART ONE
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checkpoints, activities which they
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usinesses that served the internati
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for the long-term threat that corru
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combat corruption globally, which i
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opium when they raided the governor
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measurable benchmarks and target da
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While certain individuals and offic
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that Afghan leaders were not commit
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U.S. government documents increasin
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the state’s legitimacy and capabi
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and helping to fund the enemy. The
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would benefit from an approved stra
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fundamental flaw: The Afghan govern
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By the time of Salehi’s arrest an
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U.S. Marine Corps photo PART THREE
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and partners, other countries in th
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BOX 2: ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY In the d
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Capacity-building efforts would be
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“The international community held
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success, due in part to unwillingne
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ability to conduct robust oversight
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The story elicited a sharp congress
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London, Kabul, and Tokyo Conference
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officials. The task force member no
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These cancelled or forestalled cont
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a desire to tackle corruption and a
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These findings underscore that the
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LESSONS USAID/Afghanistan photo Bas
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eport, international assistance acc
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in Afghanistan failed to address th
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This legislation should: • Requir
Page 96 and 97: Intelligence agencies should: • C
Page 98 and 99: 10. The State Department should pla
Page 100 and 101: the U.S. Embassy in Kabul, which wa
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX B ABBREVIATIONS 4A Assista
Page 104 and 105: ODA OECD OEF OSD-P OTI PACC PRT PSC
Page 106 and 107: APPENDIX D Strategy or Plan Assessm
Page 108 and 109: Organization Lead Agency Mandate Hi
Page 110 and 111: APPENDIX F U.S. Support to Afghan G
Page 112 and 113: ENDNOTES 1 Ryan Crocker, SIGAR inte
Page 114 and 115: 34 OECD Development Assistance Coun
Page 116 and 117: 65 Fishstein and Wilder, Winning He
Page 118 and 119: 101 Joint Staff, Joint and Coalitio
Page 120 and 121: 148 Dressler, Counterinsurgency in
Page 122 and 123: 192 NSC, White Paper on the Interag
Page 124 and 125: 235 U.S. Embassy Kabul, “Afghanis
Page 126 and 127: 284 Department of the Treasury, “
Page 128 and 129: Transition to Transformation, July
Page 130 and 131: 368 SIGAR, Quarterly Report to the
Page 132 and 133: 411 Torabi, email to SIGAR, March 5
Page 134 and 135: 463 Congressional Research Service,
Page 136 and 137: 525 U.S. Embassy Kabul, U.S. Govern
Page 138 and 139: 586 U.S. Embassy Kabul, “Update o
Page 140 and 141: 633 DOD, Report on Progress toward
Page 142 and 143: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Afghan Research
Page 144 and 145: Century Foundation. Afghanistan: Ne
Page 148 and 149: Human Rights Watch. Blood-Stained H
Page 150 and 151: Koumans, Mark. Testimony before the
Page 152 and 153: Pritchett, Lant, Michael Woolcock,
Page 154 and 155: Schmeidl, Susanne. “The Man Who W
Page 156 and 157: Stanekzai, Mohammad M. “Afghanist
Page 158 and 159: U.S. Department of State, Office of
Page 160 and 161: United Nations Development Programm
Page 162 and 163: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SIGAR acknowledges
Page 164: SIGAR SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR
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