CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT

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Stanekzai, Mohammad M. “Afghanistan: Not Lost, But Needs More Attention.” United States Institute of Peace Briefing. June 2008. Stanger, Allison. One Nation Under Contract: The Outsourcing of American Power and the Future of Foreign Policy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2009. Strand, Arne. Elite Capture of Kabul Bank: Corruption, Grabbing, and Development. Christian Michelsen Institute, 2014. Strmecki, Marin. “Afghanistan at a Crossroads: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Way Ahead.” The Rumsfeld Papers. August 17, 2006. Suhrke, Astri. When More is Less: The International Project in Afghanistan. New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2011. Sullivan, Tim and Carl Forsberg. “Confronting the Threat of Corruption and Organized Crime in Afghanistan: Implications for Future Armed Conflict.” PRISM, vol. 4, no. 4. Tokyo Conference on Afghanistan. The Tokyo Declaration: Partnership for Self-Reliance in Afghanistan: From Transition to Transformation. July 8, 2012. Tokyo Conference on Afghanistan. Tokyo Mutual Accountability Framework. July 8, 2012. Transparency International. The Anticorruption Plain Language Guide. July 2009. Transparency International. “FAQs on Corruption: How Do You Define Corruption?” http://www. transparency.org/whoweare/organisation/faqs_on_corruption. Transparency International. “What Is Corruption?” http://www.transparency.org/what-iscorruption/. Transparency International Defence and Security Programme. Corruption Threats & International Missions: Practical Guidance for Leaders. September 2014. Transparency International Defence and Security Programme. Corruption: Lessons from the International Mission in Afghanistan. February 2015. Transparency International and Integrity Watch Afghanistan. National Integrity System Assessment: Afghanistan 2015. 2015. U.S. Army Materiel Command. “Fuels Technical Letter (FTL) 13-02, Operation Enduring Freedom Petroleum Accountability and Reporting Procedures.” January 9, 2013. U.S. Army War College. “Corruption/Anti-Corruption in Afghanistan: A Selected Bibliography.” U.S. Army War College Library, September 2011. U.S. Department of the Army. Counterinsurgency: Field Manual 3-24. December 2006. U.S. Department of Defense. Enhancing Security and Stability in Afghanistan. December 2015. 144 SIGAR I CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT I SEPTEMBER 2016
U.S. Department of Defense. Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan. October 2009. U.S. Department of Defense. Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan. April 2010. U.S. Department of Defense. Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan. April 2011. U.S. Department of Defense. Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan. October 2011. U.S. Department of Defense. Report on Progress toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan. November 2013. U.S. Department of Defense, Inspector General. Oversight of U.S. Military and Coalition Efforts to Improve Healthcare Conditions and to Develop Sustainable Afghan National Security Forces Medical Logistics at the Dawood National Military Hospital. Report No. DODIG-2013-053. Washington, DC: March 13, 2013. U.S. Department of Defense, Joint Staff, Joint and Coalition Operational Analysis. Operationalizing Counter/Anticorruption Study. February 28, 2014. U.S. Department of State. 2002 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Country Report on Afghanistan. March 1, 2003. U.S. Department of State. 2004 Country Report on Human Rights: Afghanistan. February 2005. U.S. Department of State. Anticorruption in Afghanistan: Recent Successes. February 25, 2013. U.S. Department of State. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Country Report on Afghanistan. March 2005. U.S. Department of State. International Narcotics Control Strategy Report, Country Report on Afghanistan. March 2015. U.S. Department of State. U.S. Counternarcotics Strategy for Afghanistan: Compiled by the Coordinator for Counternarcotics and Justice Reform in Afghanistan, Ambassador Thomas A. Schweich. August 2007. U.S. Department of State. U.S. Government Rule of Law Strategy for Afghanistan. September 2009. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. INL Guide to Anticorruption Policy and Programming. June 2015. U.S. Department of State, International Narcotics and Law Enforcement. Southwest Asia: INSCR 2005 Volume I. March 2005. SIGAR I CORRUPTION IN CONFLICT I SEPTEMBER 2016 145
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Special Inspector General for Afgha
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Special Inspector General for Afgha
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURES FIGURE 1: Sha
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In the early years of the reconstru
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Recommendations To address corrupti
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1. Corruption undermined the U.S. m
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large sums of money. For example, a
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Corruption Has Increased from Pre-2
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capacity, legislative and regulator
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dynamic we have to change if we wan
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in corruption. 58 Afghans also witn
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ISAF Public Affairs photo PART ONE
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checkpoints, activities which they
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usinesses that served the internati
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for the long-term threat that corru
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combat corruption globally, which i
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opium when they raided the governor
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measurable benchmarks and target da
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While certain individuals and offic
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that Afghan leaders were not commit
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U.S. government documents increasin
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the state’s legitimacy and capabi
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and helping to fund the enemy. The
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would benefit from an approved stra
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fundamental flaw: The Afghan govern
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By the time of Salehi’s arrest an
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U.S. Marine Corps photo PART THREE
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and partners, other countries in th
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BOX 2: ABSORPTIVE CAPACITY In the d
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Capacity-building efforts would be
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“The international community held
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success, due in part to unwillingne
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ability to conduct robust oversight
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The story elicited a sharp congress
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London, Kabul, and Tokyo Conference
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officials. The task force member no
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These cancelled or forestalled cont
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a desire to tackle corruption and a
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These findings underscore that the
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LESSONS USAID/Afghanistan photo Bas
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eport, international assistance acc
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in Afghanistan failed to address th
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This legislation should: • Requir
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Intelligence agencies should: • C
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10. The State Department should pla
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the U.S. Embassy in Kabul, which wa
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APPENDIX B ABBREVIATIONS 4A Assista
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ODA OECD OEF OSD-P OTI PACC PRT PSC
Page 106 and 107: APPENDIX D Strategy or Plan Assessm
Page 108 and 109: Organization Lead Agency Mandate Hi
Page 110 and 111: APPENDIX F U.S. Support to Afghan G
Page 112 and 113: ENDNOTES 1 Ryan Crocker, SIGAR inte
Page 114 and 115: 34 OECD Development Assistance Coun
Page 116 and 117: 65 Fishstein and Wilder, Winning He
Page 118 and 119: 101 Joint Staff, Joint and Coalitio
Page 120 and 121: 148 Dressler, Counterinsurgency in
Page 122 and 123: 192 NSC, White Paper on the Interag
Page 124 and 125: 235 U.S. Embassy Kabul, “Afghanis
Page 126 and 127: 284 Department of the Treasury, “
Page 128 and 129: Transition to Transformation, July
Page 130 and 131: 368 SIGAR, Quarterly Report to the
Page 132 and 133: 411 Torabi, email to SIGAR, March 5
Page 134 and 135: 463 Congressional Research Service,
Page 136 and 137: 525 U.S. Embassy Kabul, U.S. Govern
Page 138 and 139: 586 U.S. Embassy Kabul, “Update o
Page 140 and 141: 633 DOD, Report on Progress toward
Page 142 and 143: SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Afghan Research
Page 144 and 145: Century Foundation. Afghanistan: Ne
Page 146 and 147: Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Page 148 and 149: Human Rights Watch. Blood-Stained H
Page 150 and 151: Koumans, Mark. Testimony before the
Page 152 and 153: Pritchett, Lant, Michael Woolcock,
Page 154 and 155: Schmeidl, Susanne. “The Man Who W
Page 158 and 159: U.S. Department of State, Office of
Page 160 and 161: United Nations Development Programm
Page 162 and 163: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS SIGAR acknowledges
Page 164: SIGAR SPECIAL INSPECTOR GENERAL FOR
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