policymakers demonstrate

588 Barcellan, Bøegh Nielsen, Calsamiglia, Camerer, Cantillon et al.
workshops, and presentations. Subsequently, several user-friendly products,
such as dashboards, short reports and data access, were developed.
UMETRICS has resulted in a unique data source, including novel impact
measures, frequently used by researchers and policy-makers. It has generated
research published in leading academic journals, such as Science, containing
answers to questions similar to the ones mentioned above. It has the potential to
be a major source of innovation and evidence-based policy recommendations
on how to (re)design research funding schemes.
13.4.3 The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
Population ageing is one of the important challenges of the twenty-first century
for which we need to understand the individual, social and economic impact.
SHARE (www.share-project.org) is an ambitious social survey that gathers, in
21 European countries and one region, data on health variables, socio-economic
status and social participation for a representative sample of individuals aged 50
or more. Moreover, since ageing is a historical process, the same individuals are
also followed through time. As of 2015, 6 waves of data which are, in principle,
perfectly comparable across countries, have been completed.
The funding for the first three waves of the SHARE data was mainly provided
by the European Commission. Then, in 2011, SHARE was recognized
as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC). This means that the
main funding had to be provided by each individual country. This decentralized
system put the sustainability of the SHARE project under severe pressure. For
instance, in 2015, 65 different sources had to be combined and four countries
did not obtain enough funding to continue to fund the project.
The SHARE data are frequently used by both researchers and policy-makers.
Since the start of SHARE in 2005, more than 1,200 papers have been written
on the basis of the collected data in one or more countries. SHARE has also
provided evidence to support policy in Member States (e.g., retirement age and
work conditions in France), at the European level (e.g., longterm projections
of the costs of population ageing for DG EcFin) and at the international level
(e.g., (re)migration corridors and social support for the World Bank).
The popularity and usefulness of the SHARE dataset are due to its interdisciplinary
nature (it involves economists, sociologists, epidemiologists, geriatrics
and psychologists) and its multinational and longitudinal aspects. Data that are
comparable across countries are important to deal with big societal challenges,
such as ageing. Otherwise it is impossible to compare, for instance, the different
welfare state policies or to link individual decisions to institutional background
variables. Given the many different languages in Europe and the sensitivity
of many of the questions in the survey to their actual wording, this is of
course not straightforward to implement. The same holds for the longitudinal